矿业遗迹开发利益相关者风险G1模糊综合评价

从矿业遗迹开发项目的总体目标出发,给出了矿业遗迹开发项目风险的定义,分析了其风险系统的特点,提出了矿业遗迹开发项目风险G1模糊综合评价框架。综合应用各种风险识别方法,对矿业遗迹开发项目利益相关者的行为风险进行了识别和详细的阐述,建立了矿业遗迹开发项目风险评价指标体系,应用G1法确定了各个风险因素的影响权重,利用模糊数学理论确定了各风险因素的模糊隶属关系,构建了风险评判隶属矩阵,通过综合分析得出了项目总风险等级,与实际情况相符。     

响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取杨梅籽油工艺条件的研究

采用超临界CO2萃取技术,考察了杨梅籽仁颗粒度、萃取压力、静态萃取时间、动态萃取时间以及萃取温度对杨梅籽油萃取率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上进行响应面分析优化萃取工艺条件。结果表明,适宜的工艺条件为杨梅籽仁的颗粒度40目、萃取压力36.53 MPa、静态萃取时间30 min、动态萃取时间2.62 h、萃取温度40.03℃,在该工艺条件下杨梅籽油的萃取率可达89.73%。为杨梅籽的开发利用、变废为宝奠定了理论基础。     

新风换热机组在数据中心空调节能中的利用

IT能耗在所有的电力使用当中所占比重的不断上升,已经成为社会提倡节能降耗主要领域之一。数据中心的高冷负荷、高耗电,已经成为所有的数据中心都无法回避的问题。数据中心空调设计在冬季充分利用室外冷源成为节能设计的首选。笔者通过对新风换气机组的开创性利用,独到的发挥了新风换热机组的节能特性,并通过实验数据测试了其节能功效     

用于太阳能超临界CO2布雷顿循环的流态化颗粒换热试验与模拟

搭建30 kW浅层多级流态化颗粒换热试验台,在约1.5倍临界流化速度、换热器采用直管管束逆流形式布置时颗粒侧换热系数可达590～860 W/(m2·K).采用双欧拉流体模型对流化床内水平埋管管束换热进行数值模拟,模拟结果与试验结果偏差在10％以内.利用析因设计与线性回归模型研究颗粒粒径、颗粒导热系数和流化气体速度对流态...     

超临界机组的合金管蒸汽侧氧化膜生长与剥落研究进展

超临界机组高温合金管氧化膜剥落问题是困扰机组安全与经济运行的难题,严重制约了机组蒸汽参数和效率的提高。特别是,在超临界机组采用给水加氧处理方式(OT)后,奥氏体不锈钢管内壁氧化膜大面积剥落事故屡见不鲜,尤以TP347H合金管为甚。本文总结了近年来国内外针对超临界机组合金管氧化膜研究的进展及相关成果,首先介绍了超临界蒸汽环境中合金管氧化机理和原子迁移机制,综述了铁素体和奥氏体合金表面氧化膜的形貌特征,分析了蒸汽溶氧对氧化膜生长速率、形貌和缺陷的影响。氧化膜完整性是决定合金抗腐蚀性能的重要因素,但在机组运行过程中氧化膜应力破坏了氧化膜完整性。进一步总结了国内外氧化膜应力和剥落研究的数值分析及实验研究情况,为我国超临界机组氧化膜剥落故障诊断研究提供参考。     

Integrated processing of fresh Indian sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berries and chemical evaluation of products

An efficient pilot‐scale process was developed to produce nutraceutical products from fresh sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berries. Fresh berries were subjected to high‐pressure dewatering using a continuous screw press. The separated liquid phase containing 80–90% of pulp oil was clarified at 80 °C and centrifuged to obtain pulp oil, clear juice and sludge. The pulp oil yield was 2.7–2.8% of fresh berry weight with 66–70% extraction efficiency. The pulp oil was remarkably rich in carotenoids (2450–2810 mg kg^?1), tocopherols (1409–1599 mg kg^?1) and sterols (4096–4403 mg kg^?1), with a characteristic fresh berry flavour and 16:1 as the major fatty acid (45.6–49.1%). The clear juice obtained was free from oil and contained high amounts of vitamin C (1683–1840 mg kg^?1) and phytochemicals such as polyphenols (2392–2821 mg kg^?1) and flavonoids (340–401 mg kg^?1). Isorhamnetin (251–310 mg kg^?1) was the major flavonoid in the juice, along with quercetin (77–81 mg kg^?1) and kaempherol (12–16 mg kg^?1). The juice was very acidic (pH 3), with high concentrations of organic acids (30.8–36.0 g kg^?1). High‐performance liquid chromatography profiling of organic acids revealed quinic acid (18.1–19.9 g kg^?1) as the major acid in the juice. The seeds in the pressed cake were separated and extracted for oil using supercritical CO₂. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Green Extraction Methods for Polyphenols from Plant Matrices and Their Byproducts: A Review

Polyphenols as phytochemicals have gained significant importance owing to several associated health benefits with regard to lifestyle diseases and oxidative stress. To date, the development of a single standard method for efficient and rapid extraction of polyphenols from plant matrices has remained a challenge due to the inherent limitations of various conventional extraction methods. The exploitation of polyphenols as bioactive compounds at various commercial levels has motivated scientists to explore more eco‐friendly, efficient, and cost‐effective extraction techniques, based on a green extraction approach. The current review aims to provide updated technical information about extraction mechanisms, their advantages and disadvantages, and factors affecting efficiencies, and also presents a comparative overview of applications of the following modern green extraction techniques—supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and pressurized hot water extraction—as alternatives to conventional extraction methods for polyphenol extraction. These techniques are proving to be promising for the extraction of thermolabile phenolic compounds due to their advantages over conventional, time‐consuming, and laborious extraction techniques, such as reduced solvent use and time and energy consumption and higher recovery rates with lower operational costs. The growing interest in plant‐derived polyphenols prompts continual search for green and economically feasible modern extraction techniques. Modern green extraction techniques represent promising approaches by virtue of overcoming current limitations to the exploitation of polyphenols as bioactive compounds to explore their wide‐reaching applications on an industrial scale and in emerging global markets. Future research is needed in order to remove the technical barriers to scale‐up the processes for industrial needs by increasing our understanding and improving the design of modern extraction operations.     

新形势下地勘单位财务管理的思考

地勘单位财务管理是地勘单位组织财务活动、处理财务关系的一项经济管理工作.本文深入分析了地勘单位财务管理的现状和存在的问题,并就如何加强财务管理,提高财务管理水平提出了应对的具体措施.     

发酵液多糖提取方法的研究进展

随着科学的进一步发展,发酵液多糖生物活性在研究中被进一步发现,部分多糖具有增稠乳化、抗细菌、抗氧化、抗癌、增强免疫力等作用,可以应用于食品以及医药领域。现工业化生产提取发酵液多糖多采用溶剂提取法,经济效益不高,限制了发酵液多糖的进一步发展与应用,为了能更好发挥发酵液多糖的价值,为提取工艺的改善提供一定的参考,本文对发酵液胞内多糖和胞外多糖的不同提取方法进行了介绍,主要介绍溶剂提取法(水提取法、酸碱提取法、有机溶剂提取法)、高压脉冲提取法、酶提取法、超声波提取法、微波提取法、超临界流体萃取法和亚临界水提取法的研究进展,并且对不同方法的特点和适用情况做出了总结,为微生物多糖的提取研究提供一定的参考。     

超临界CO_2氢化大豆油工艺优化及动力学分析

以自制Ni-Ag/SBA-15为催化剂,在超临界CO_2条件下对氢化大豆油的工艺进行研究,其最佳工艺条件为CO_2压力8.0 MPa、氢气分压3.40 MPa、氢化温度100℃、催化剂用量0.20%、搅拌速率300 r/min、氢化时间90 min,产品碘值为86.0 g I_2/100 g,反式脂肪酸(trans fatty acids,TFAs)含量为11.7%;利用氢化动力学方程,运用MATLAB软件编辑运算程序,研究超临界CO_2氢化大豆油的反应速率与选择性,与常规状态下氢化进行比较,发现超临界CO_2状态氢化反应速率较快,且对亚麻酸及亚油酸有更好的氢化选择性。同时,在超临界CO_2条件下进行氢化,氢化大豆油产品中的TFAs和硬脂酸含量更低,分别为11.7%和9.4%。