STRESS RELAXATION BEHAVIOUR OF TITANIUM

Studies of stress relaxation were carried out on commercially pure titanium.It was found thatthe stress relaxation behaviour relates closely to the level of deformation.The amount of re-laxed stress σ_R is independent of the amplitude of stress dip in a certain range ofdeformation.However,it depend on the stress level at which stress relaxation begins in a cer-tain relaxation time t_R.Both back(critical)stress σ_c and flow stress σ_o vary with the strainin a similar manner.The effective stress on dislocations σ~* increases with increasing strainunder low strains,but keeps constant under higher strains.     

焊接结构应力松弛开裂模拟试验研究

利用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ模拟试验机进行了一种新的不等温应力松弛试验来考察两种低合金钢的焊后应力松弛开裂敏感性。该试验方法以热膨胀量补偿法模拟整个去应力处理（包括加热和保温）中与应力松弛开裂产生过程吻合的应力—温度条件。试验获得了一种连续加热断裂时间—温度“Ｃ”曲线及不等温应力松弛塑性的新概念，并定量测出了材料在此过程中的应力松弛塑性及其与温度的关系。     

热沉影响钛合金薄板焊接残余应力的试验分析

采用切条应力释放法测量了钛合金TC4薄板常规钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)和动态控制低应力无变形GTAW对接试件中的纵向残余应力和纵向残余塑性应变的分布。测量结果表明,钛合金常规GTAW缝中残余拉应力峰值小于其母材屈服强度,焊缝附近存在残余压缩塑性应变;动态控制低应力无变形GTAW焊技术中热沉的冷却作用使得热源与热沉之间的高温金属承受强烈的拉伸作用,产生拉伸塑性变形,部分抵消了焊接过程中已产生的缩短的塑性变形,使得试件中纵向残余塑性应变减小,焊接残余拉应力峰值降低,残余压应力水平降低。切条应力释放法是一种简便有效的薄板焊后残余应力测量方法,能够满足工程应用的精度要求。     

预退火时间对Pd40Cu30Ni10P20玻璃转变及晶化的影响

采用示差扫描量热(DSC)分析方法,测定了大块非晶合金Pd40Cu30Ni10P20经523 K((Tg-100 K)＜7＜Tg)不同时间(0～64 h)预退火后的玻璃转变温度7g、玻璃转变峰温度TM、起始晶化温度Tx、晶化峰的峰温Tp、晶化焓以及在玻璃转变过程中的比热容增量,并根据Kissinger公式计算了晶化的表观活化能.同时,测量了不同时间预退火后样品的显微硬度.结果表明:在玻璃转变温度以下的预退火处理使Pd40Cu30Ni10P20大块非晶合金的微观原子组态发生变化,从而影响了其随后的玻璃转变行为,但对晶化的影响不大.其显微硬度随预退火时间的延长而逐步增加后趋于稳定.并利用结构弛豫理论分析了预退火对玻璃转变、晶化和显微硬度的影响.     

Dynamic Young’s modulus and internal friction in polycrystalline copper

An attempt has been made to measure the temperature dependence of dynamic Young’s modulus together with the related variation of internal friction in polycrystalline copper. A mechanical spectroscopy study was employed using a standard servo hydraulic fatigue testing machine equipped with a scanning laser extensometer. Dynamic Young’s modulus and internal friction were measured over a temperature range of 298 to 873 K at very low frequencies of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 Hz. One internal friction peak was observed over the ranges 450 to 700 K, together with marked decreases in the dynamic Young’s modulus in the same temperature range. From a quantitative analysis of the experimental data with the relaxation strength, relaxation time, and activation energy, it is concluded that the peak phenomenon is due to grain-boundary sliding relaxation.     

Ta—O固溶体中的Snoek—Koster驰豫

试样表面镀一薄层Ｔｉ，消除内耗测最过程中氧吸附的影响．在镀Ｔｉ的Ｔａ—Ｏ试样中详细研究了Ｓｎｏｅｋ—Ｋｏｓｔｅｒ弛豫．观察到了两个内耗峰（较低温度的ＳＫ１峰和较高温度的ＳＫ２峰）．考查之退火温度和氧含量对内耗峰的形状和稳定性的影响．ＳＫ１峰和ＳＫ２峰的激活能分别为１．４和２．１ｅＶ．用Ｓｅｅｇｅｒ的螺位错上的双弯结成核和迁移以及几何弯结的迁移理论解释了实验结果．通过理论和实验比较，得到的螺位错上双弯结形成能约为０．９ｅＶ，螺位错与氧原子的结合能约为０．３ｅＶ实验还发现，进一步冷加工对Ｓｎｏｅｋ峰的影响在实验误差范围内，可以略去不计．     

Experimental and numerical life prediction of thermally cycled thermal barrier coatings

This article addresses the predominant degradation modes and life prediction of a plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coating (TBC). The studied TBC system consists of an air-plasma-sprayed bond coat and an air-plasma-sprayed, yttria partially stabilized zirconia top layer on a conventional Hastelloy X substrate. Thermal shock tests of as-sprayed TBC and pre-oxidized TBC specimens were conducted under different burner flame conditions at Volvo Aero Corporation (Trollhättan, Sweden). Finite element models were used to simulate the thermal shock tests. Transient temperature distributions and thermal mismatch stresses in different layers of the coatings during thermal cycling were calculated. The roughness of the interface between the ceramic top coat and the bond coat was modeled through an ideally sinusoidal wavy surface. Bond coat oxidation was simulated through adding an aluminum oxide layer between the ceramic top coat and the bond coat. The calculated stresses indicated that interfacial delamination cracks, initiated in the ceramic top coat at the peak of the asperity of the interface, together with surface cracking, are the main reasons for coating failure. A phenomenological life prediction model for the coating was proposed. This model is accurate within a factor of 3.     

LaNi4.5Al0.5储氢合金固溶相的密度泛函研究

基于密度泛函理论,采用全势线性缀加平面波方法（FLAPW）,研究LaNi4.5Al0.5储氢合金固溶相α-LaNi4.5Al0.5H0.5和α-LaNi4.5Al0.5H1.0中H原子的占位、态密度和电子密度,分析了H原子的加入对固溶体电子结构和稳定性的影响。结果表明：从能量角度计算得到α-LaNi4.5Al0.5H0.5中H原子最可能占据靠近Al的6m位,α-LaNi4.5Al0.5H1.0中的两个H原子最可能占据6m和4h＊位;随着H原子的增加,晶胞主要沿着c轴方向膨胀;Al和Ni,H之间的相互作用是合金含氢固溶体保持稳定的主要因素;态密度图中低能量区域的态密度越大固溶体越稳定;如果EF处于带隙的底部,则体系较稳定。计算结果与已有的实验结果非常一致。     

Relaxations and bonding mechanism of arsenic in-situ impurities in MCT： first-principles study

1 Introduction Mercury cadmium telluride (Hg1?xCdxTe, MCT) is currently one of the most widely used semiconductor materials for infrared detector arrays. It is well known that the applications of the semiconductor materials, especially for Ⅱ-Ⅵ compound…     

材料复杂残余应力的高温松弛行为

介绍了材料表面应力状态的X射线测量方法，研究了低碳钢交叉焊缝残余应力状态及其热松弛行为。结果表明，焊缝表面残余应力状态比较复杂，加热处理不但可有效降低应力幅度，对应力状态也产生一定影响。加热温度及时问是决定应力松弛的关键因素。在加热退火期间，Mises等效残余应力按幂指数方式松弛．并遵循蠕变机制。