Optimal job sequence determination and operation machine allocation in flexible manufacturing systems: an approach using adaptive hierarchical ant colony algorithm

In this paper, an Adaptive Hierarchical Ant Colony Optimization (AHACO) has been proposed to resolve the traditional machine loading problem in Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). Machine loading is one of the most important issues that is interlinked with the efficiency and utilization of FMS. The machine loading problem is formulated in order to minimize the system unbalance and maximize the throughput, considering the job sequencing, optional machines and technological constraints. The performance of proposed AHACO has been tested over a number of benchmark problems taken from the literature. Computational results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more effective and produces promising results as compared to the existing solution methodologies in the literature. The evaluation and comparison of system efficiency and system utilization justifies the supremacy of the algorithm. Further, results obtained from the proposed algorithm have been compared with well known random search algorithm viz. genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, artificial Immune system, simple ant colony optimization, tabu search etc. In addition, the algorithm has been tested over a randomly generated problem set of varying complexities; the results validate the robustness and scalability of the algorithm utilizing the concepts of ‘heuristic gap’ and ANOVA analysis.     

面向一般应用的动态加载机制

为了实现系统在线扩展过程中的实用性和稳定性,在软件升级过程中采用动态加载思想,引入超级调用指令,使用符号解析和弱绑定概念,为系统中的符号建立树状索引集。该方案解决了名字空间污染问题,提高了符号绑定的准确性和系统安全性,极大降低了在线扩展过程中更新外部引用的性能开销。     

游戏程序设计中若干问题的探讨

游戏编程是当今程序设计的一个热点,开发过程会遇到各种各样的问题。通过限制构造函数和拷贝函数,设计一个单体全局管理类,可以避免不合适的调用。采用分块技术加栽地图,可以在时空性能上优化游戏。阐述了D3D的空间坐标变换。分析了万向节死锁问题发生的原因,并提出了解决办法。     

电动加载系统的模糊自适应PID控制研究

电动加载系统的突出优点是加载跟踪速度快,但加载过程中系统多余力能否快速消除是制约加载精度、影响加载系统动态品质的最重要因素.常规PID控制难以满足电动加载系统对高精度和快速性的要求,而模糊自适应PID控制能够解决这个难题,实验证实了系统采用模糊自适应PID算法后明显提高了加载精度和响应速度.     

电液伺服加载系统的鲁棒控制方法研究

针对舵机的主动运动对电液伺服加栽系统的强干扰所引起的多余力,设计一种鲁棒控制器并结合传统的PID控制方法来进行消除.建立数学模型并进行仿真,结果表明:动态鲁棒补偿器很好地起到了抑制外干扰的效果.     

基于真空加载的激光错位散斑干涉自动化检测系统

为满足某橡胶/金属粘接结构产品的批量化检测需求,提升检测效率和自动化水平,设计开发了一套基于真空加载的激光错位散斑自动化检测系统。该系统集成了轻量化框架和紧凑型光路,并通过检测软件和检测流程优化,得到了较为理想的散斑检测图像;同时结合产品结构特点和检测灵敏度要求,设计了基于PLC控制的真空舱和运动控制装置,实现了产品粘接质量的自动化检测应用。结果表明,该系统可检测出检测试块上预置的人工缺陷,与原有手动检测模式相比,在保证检测产品检测灵敏度要求的前提下,极大地提升了检测效率,降低了检测人员的劳动强度,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

全尺寸缝翼疲劳试验随动加载技术

缝翼及其支承结构的疲劳试验是民用飞机适航取证的一项重要工作,其难度在于需要在试验件运动过程中同步施加载荷,完成对缝翼翼面及其支承结构载荷的考验。过大的同步偏差及不当的异常处理会造成试验件的非预期损伤,是一项风险极高的地面强度试验。在试验方案中采用了控制系统与驱动系统的双驱动方式,在国内首次在翼身组合体真机环境中完成了缝翼疲劳试验,真实还原了缝翼实际运动场景,试验通过对试验运动轨迹的仿真指导随动加载框架的安装,极大地提高了活动翼面随动加载试验在翼面活动时的同步性和加载精度,同时创新的同步偏差实时监控和防错设计保障了试验的顺利运行,为该型号飞机的缝翼设计提供了更具参考价值的试验数据及试验结果。     

Evaluation of dynamic fracture toughness parameters of locomotive axle steel by instrumented Charpy impact test

The analysis of the energy of fracture of specimens from steel OSL, which is widely used for the manufacture of railway axles under shock loading, is performed. The nature and quantitative parameters of the typical stages of the processes of plastic and brittle fracture, depending on the test temperature and stiffness of the stress state at the tip of the crack‐like defect, are established. It is shown that impact loading at 20 °C leads to the formation of the local zone of plasticity and ductile–brittle fracture of the material. An increased stiffness of the stress state at the tip of the defect at ?40 °C causes brittle fracture. An approach is developed, which is based on using the size of shear lips as a quantitative parameter of fracture under normal and low temperatures, similar in its physical essence to deformation approaches of nonlinear fracture mechanics. Based on this approach and the quantitative analysis of specimen fracture zones, the physical and mechanical scheme of specimen fracture is proposed in the presence of localized plasticity and in its absence near the tip of the concentrator.     

An investigation of T‐stresses in a plate with an inclined crack under biaxial loadings

For plates with an inclined crack of wide‐range aspect ratios under biaxial loadings, T‐stress values are calculated with three‐dimensional finite element method. The results show that the normalized T‐stress is crack length and orientation dependent. A linear equation for the relationship between normalized T‐stresses and biaxility factors is proposed to describe the normalized T‐stresses for different crack lengths and crack angles under different biaxial loadings, which is more convenient and involves wider biaxility ratios compared with the existing solutions. The plate thickness effect and the trend of normalized T‐stresses along the crack front thickness are also studied for mode I and I–II mixed‐mode cracks. Based on the analyses and comparisons, it is necessary to take the thickness effect into consideration when the crack length is long enough (a/W = 7/10). When the component of mode II is significant (β > 45°), and the biaxility ratios are negative, T‐stresses near the free surface are lower than those at other positions, which are the opposite of mode I crack and most of I–II mixed‐mode crack.     

High throughput research and evaporation rate modeling for solvent screening for ethylcellulose barrier membranes in pharmaceutical applications

Context: Ethylcellulose is commonly dissolved in a solvent or formed into an aqueous dispersion and sprayed onto various dosage forms to form a barrier membrane to provide controlled release in pharmaceutical formulations. Due to the variety of solvents utilized in the pharmaceutical industry and the importance solvent can play on film formation and film strength it is critical to understand how solvent can influence these parameters.

Objective: To systematically study a variety of solvent blends and how these solvent blends influence ethylcellulose film formation, physical and mechanical film properties and solution properties such as clarity and viscosity.

Materials and methods: Using high throughput capabilities and evaporation rate modeling, thirty-one different solvent blends composed of ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, methanol, and/or water were formulated, analyzed for viscosity and clarity, and narrowed down to four solvent blends. Brookfield viscosity, film casting, mechanical film testing and water permeation were also completed.

Results and discussion: High throughput analysis identified isopropanol/water, ethanol, ethanol/water and methanol/acetone/water as solvent blends with unique clarity and viscosity values. Evaporation rate modeling further rank ordered these candidates from excellent to poor interaction with ethylcellulose. Isopropanol/water was identified as the most suitable solvent blend for ethylcellulose due to azeotrope formation during evaporation, which resulted in a solvent-rich phase allowing the ethylcellulose polymer chains to remain maximally extended during film formation. Consequently, the highest clarity and most ductile films were formed.

Conclusion: Employing high throughput capabilities paired with evaporation rate modeling allowed strong predictions between solvent interaction with ethylcellulose and mechanical film properties.