以水玻璃为源常压制备高保温二氧化硅气凝胶

以低成本工业级水玻璃为硅源,水为反应物及溶剂,在无需复杂的树脂交换和水洗条件下,分别采用HF一步快速催化法和HNO3-NaOH酸碱两步催化法,通过溶胶-凝胶技术制备出二氧化硅水凝胶.采用三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)和六甲基二硅醚(HMDSO)作为表面修饰剂,在常压条件下制备了低热导率(0.03W/(m·K))、比表面积在200～500m2/g之间的低密度、疏水特性可调,具有高效保温性能的纳米多孔二氧化硅.对该材料的制备过程、形成的结构以及反应机理、保温原理进行了讨论.     

Improving the methodology for coating defects detection

A vacuum impregnation procedure for examining the microstructure of thermal spray coatings has been evaluated using a low-viscosity fluorescent resin. The use of confocal laser scanning microscopy for examining the microstructure allows three-dimensional image reconstruction of the sample. Relationships between defects (i.e., porosity or micro/macrocracking) and coating properties can be established more accurately with the proposed methodology because it enables quantitative analysis.     

单压下有序多裂隙脆性材料破坏机制及其简化模型

采用试件养护前期拔出预埋插片形成预制裂隙的方法制作多裂隙脆性材料试件,并在伺服控制单轴加载系统上对其进行加载试验。基于单压下脆性材料局部破损的应变软化机理建立裂隙体数值模型,对比试验与数值计算结果分析有序多裂隙脆性材料破坏机制及其影响因素。结果表明:除裂隙倾角及其几何排布外,裂隙在试件中的相对分布位置也影响裂隙体的破坏特征,且影响程度与裂隙面上有效剪切力大小有关,有效剪切力越大,则影响越显著。试验与数值计算结果显示:多裂隙试件中存在一组优势破坏面,与和裂隙走向相一致的试件斜对角线重合,裂隙分布在优势破坏面上或附近时,其尖端发育微裂纹的机率大于远离优势破坏面位置裂隙。结合有序多裂隙试件破坏特征及数值模型单元屈服状态,提出2种近置裂隙尖端裂纹发育简化模型,并结合本试验结果验证了简化模型的可行性。     

限形压具在薄壁件锥盘中的应用

研究锥盘淬火变形的原因,改进设计限形淬火压具,使薄壁件锥盘的淬火变形报废率由25％下降到5％以下,经济效益和社会效益十分显著。     

250℃下时间效应对PAN纤维热氧稳定化反应的影响及关联

借用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析(EA)、X射线衍射(XRD)和示差扫描量热分析(DSC)等手段,对比研究了热氧稳定化过程中250℃下时间效应与两种聚丙烯腈(PAN)共聚纤维及其炭纤维结构和性能之间的关联。研究结果表明,PAN纤维在250℃温区内停留超过9min时,最终热氧稳定化纤维的环化度(RCI)、体密度和芳构化指数(AI)的增加速率开始变小;炭纤维的孔含量(Vp)值与内部微晶的d002值开始增大,微晶排列的规整程度变差,缺陷增多,拉伸强度开始降低。     

A dam-breach erosion model: I. Formulation

This paper, Part I in a series of two, develops a mathematical model for earthern dam breach erosion. This model constitutes an extension of the Breach Erosion of Earthfill Dams (BEED) model developed by Singh and Scarlatos (1987). Two aspects are emphasized: the evolution of the dam breach, and the subsequent flood and sediment routing. Simulation of dam breach evolution is based on hydrologic, geometric and geotechnic considerations. Einstein-Brown and Bagnold equations are utilized to compute the rate of erosion in the breached section. A water routing scheme, based on a modified version of the Muskingum method to simulate flow exchange between channel and floodplains, is used to route the resulting breach hydrograph. A sediment routing scheme based on the Muskingum method, modified to simulate deposition in floodplains, and deposition and scouring in the channel, is utilized to route the breach sediment graph. In Part II, the model is tested against historical dam failures, and an analysis is made to determine its sensitivity to various parameters.     

Transport properties of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a)

New equations for the thermal conductivity and the viscosity of R134a that are valid in a wide range of pressures and temperatures are presented. They were obtained through a theoretically based, critical evaluation of the available experimental data, which showed considerable inconsistencies between data sets, in particular in the vapor phase. In the critical region the observed enhancement in the thermal conductivity is well represented by a crossover model for the transport properties of fluids. Since thermodynamic properties enter into the calculation of the critical enhancement of the transport properties, a new fundamental equation for the critical region was developed also.Paper dedicated to Professor Joseph Kestin.     

摩托车离合器主轴断裂失效分析及其机理

本文分析了摩托车离合器主轴用材、金相组织、显微硬度以及断口扫描电镜(SEM)宏观、微观形貌,结果表明,该摩托车离合器主轴断裂主要原因是轴颈突变截面尖角顶端曲率半径ρ值太小,形成很大的应力集中从而形成裂纹源,然后裂纹逐步扩展造成的。