Decision-Centric Information Monitoring

We are interested in information management for decision support applications, especially those that monitor distributed, heterogeneous databases to assess time-critical decisions. Users of such applications can easily be overwhelmed with data that may change rapidly, may conflict, and may be redundant. Developers are faced with a dilemma: either filter out most information and risk excluding critical items, or gather possibly irrelevant or redundant information, and overwhelm the decision maker. This paper describes a solution to this dilemma called decision-centric information monitoring (DCIM). First, we observe that decision support systems should monitor only information that can potentially change some decision. We present an architecture for DCIM that meets the requirements implied by this observation. We describe techniques for identifying the highest value information to monitor and techniques for monitoring that information despite autonomy, distribution, and heterogeneity of data sources. Finally, we present lessons learned from building LOOKOUT, which is to our knowledge the first implementation of a top-to-bottom system performing decision-centric information monitoring.     

Characterizing displays by their temporal aperture: A theoretical framework

Abstract— The spatio‐temporal aperture and sample rate of a video display determines both the static and dynamic resolution of the video signal that is rendered. The dynamic display characteristics like the visibility of large‐area flicker, motion judder, and motion blur can be derived from the frame rate and the temporal extent of the pixel aperture (i.e., the temporal aperture). For example, liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) have an aperture that is relatively small in the spatial dimension and wide in the temporal domain. Consequently, moving objects displayed on an LCD suffer from motion blur. Especially in TV applications, the temporal dimension has a large impact on the overall picture quality. The temporal aperture, together with the frame rate, is shown to predict the amount of perceived large‐area flicker, motion judder, and motion blur and also the performance of motion‐blur reduction algorithms for LCDs. From this analysis it is further determined how to obtain the optimal temporal aperture of a television display, for which not only properties of the human visual system (HVS), but also the properties of the video signal have to be taken into account.     

剪刀下的民间文化——民间剪纸的造型特点

民间剪纸是我国民间美术形式之一,有着悠久的历史。本文从剪纸的构图方法、剪纸的造型手段、剪纸的吉祥祝愿三个方面,分析剪纸的造型特点,从而体现出剪纸的造型源于原始的视觉思维方式和民间审美观念。     

Goal Change in the Situation Calculus

Although there has been much discussion of belief change (e.g.[4, 21]), goal change has not received much attention. In thispaper, we propose a method for goal change in the frameworkof Reiter's; [12] theory of action in the situation calculus[8, 10], and investigate its properties. We extend the frameworkdeveloped by Shapiro et al. [17] and Shapiro and Lespérance[16], where goals and goal expansion were modelled, but goalcontraction was not.     

世界羰基化学品生产与市场

OXO化学品的下游市场的需求受全球经济状况的影响,结果是对OXO化学品的需求紧紧跟随世界经济的主流,其主要的用途包括建筑/改造、汽车生产和原始设备生产(OEM)。2002到2007年期间,预计全球OXO化学品生产能力年均增长率将从1998年到2001年期间的4.7%下降到1.7%。1998年到2002年期间,OXO化学品生产能力大约增加了1.8Mt,主要是在东南亚地区。尽管2002年到2007年期间新增OXO产能的数量和步调急剧下降,但预计全球市场仍然供大于求。     

侧吹风空调机组国产化现状及其发展方向

介绍了国内化纤纺丝侧吹风空调机组的发展历程与国产化现状,探讨了国产侧吹风空调机组目前所存在的问题和发展方向。     

特殊情况下土压力计算方法分析

针对实际工程中所遇到的常见特殊情况下土压力的计算方法进行归纳和整理,并通过工程实例总结出其计算规律,提出简化算法,为工程设计提供借鉴和参考。     

Procedure and information displays in advanced nuclear control rooms: experimental evaluation of an integrated design

Abstract

In the main control rooms of nuclear power plants, operators frequently have to switch between procedure displays and system information displays. In this study, we proposed an operation-unit-based integrated design, which combines the two displays to facilitate the synthesis of information. We grouped actions that complete a single goal into operation units and showed these operation units on the displays of system states. In addition, we used different levels of visual salience to highlight the current unit and provided a list of execution history records. A laboratory experiment, with 42 students performing a simulated procedure to deal with unexpected high pressuriser level, was conducted to compare this design against an action-based integrated design and the existing separated-displays design. The results indicate that our operation-unit-based integrated design yields the best performance in terms of time and completion rate and helped more participants to detect unexpected system failures.

Practitioner Summary: In current nuclear control rooms, operators frequently have to switch between procedure and system information displays. We developed an integrated design that incorporates procedure information into system displays. A laboratory study showed that the proposed design significantly improved participants’ performance and increased the probability of detecting unexpected system failures.     

Array automata and operations on array languages

Array automata acting on scenes (two dimensional tapes) are defined. The set of scenes accepted by array automata are proved to be equivalent to the set of arrays generated by array grammars. Certain operators like substitution, homomorphic replication and insertion are extended to sets of arrays. These operators yield interesting classes of pictures.     

中国果品加工产业现状及发展趋势

中国是世界上最大的水果生产和加工国,果品加工业已成为我国农产品加工业中具有明显比较优势和国际竞争力的行业.介绍了我国果品加工产业现状及发展趋势,分析了制约果品加工产业发展的主要问题,并提出相应的对策与建议.