傅里叶变换红外光谱法测定白酒中乙醇含量

建立快速测定酒精饮品中乙醇含量的衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）法,以ZnSe槽行板为ATR晶体,以水为背景采集样品的FTIR图。以1 044 cm-1的C-OH伸缩振动为特征峰,用峰面积表示整个吸光度以消除尖峰干扰,建立了其线性关系数0.998 6,乙醇水溶液的检测限为0.2%。该方法准确、方便、快速,适用于酒精饮品中乙醇含量的快速测定。     

提高相变材料十四酸导热性能的研究

利用时间—温度曲线法对13组十四酸-硅藻土体系的导热系数进行了测定,得到了十四酸添加不同量硅藻土的导热系数变化关系曲线,硅藻土的添加量应≤15%。通过添加硅藻土,相变材料十四酸的热传导热性能有了较大的改善。     

多储罐动态全回流分离方法

多储罐间歇精馏是新型操作方式,目前仅用于多组分混合物分离.为了扩大多储罐间歇精馏塔的应用,将其用于2组分物系的分离,提出了多储罐动态全回流分离方法.其特点是可分为全回流提浓和倒罐采出阶段,这2个阶段交替进行,直到分离结束.建立了该过程的数学模型,并与常规恒回流比方式比较,结果表明:动态全回流方法省时.进一步通过乙酸-水...     

浅析艾士卡法测定煤中全硫的影响因素

艾士卡法是测定煤中全硫的仲裁方法.从升温速率、溶液体积、滴加速度、“陈化”和灰化5个方面分析和讨论了实验中的影响因素和解决措施.结果表明:升温过快、溶液体积过大、不经过“陈化”过程、灰化不彻底会使测定结果偏低,沉淀过程在不搅拌的情况下BaCl2溶液加入速度过快会使测定结果偏高.     

Biological activities of Solanum paludosum Moric. extracts obtained by maceration and supercritical fluid extraction

Solanum paludosum extracts obtained by maceration (SP-EtOH_CRUDE and SP-EtOH_MARC) and supercritical fluid extraction (SP-SFECO₂) were evaluated. Three extracts with distinct chromatographic profiles were obtained: SP-EtOH_CRUDE, with a complex phenolic composition; SP-SFECO₂, containing methoxylated flavonoids; and SP-EtOH_MARC, which bears mainly polar polyphenols. All extracts were strong antioxidants, as measured using the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, xanthine/xanthine oxidase/luminol and iron-induced lipid peroxidation systems. Extracts were also evaluated as modifiers of antibiotic activity in strains of Staphylococcus aureus expressing fluoroquinolone, macrolide and tetracycline efflux proteins. Despite their lack of antibacterial activity, all extracts were able to potentiate antibiotics activities by as much as eight fold. Both the maceration and supercritical fluid extraction processes were adequate to obtain extracts with different biological activities according to their patterns of phenolic compounds. The data suggest that S. paludosum could be a valuable source of antioxidants and putative efflux pumps inhibitors.     

A review of the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant species

Some researchers suggest that two-thirds of the world's plant species have medicinal value; in particular, many medicinal plants have great antioxidant potential. Antioxidants reduce the oxidative stress in cells and are therefore useful in the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory diseases. This paper reviews the antioxidant potential of extracts from the stems, roots, bark, leaves, fruits and seeds of several important medicinal species. Synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxylanisole (BHA) are currently used as food additives, and many plant species have similar antioxidant potentials as these synthetics. These species include Diospyros abyssinica, Pistacia lentiscus, Geranium sanguineum L., Sargentodoxa cuneata Rehd. Et Wils, Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd, Crataeva nurvala Buch-Ham., Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn, Teucrium polium L., Dracocephalum moldavica L., Urtica dioica L., Ficus microcarpa L. fil., Bidens pilosa Linn. Radiata, Leea indica, the Lamiaceae species, Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC, Salvia officinalis L., Momordica Charantia L., Rheum ribes L., and Pelargonium endlicherianum. The literature reveals that these natural antioxidants represent a potentially side effect-free alternative to synthetic antioxidants in the food processing industry and for use in preventive medicine.     

Global supply chain planning for pharmaceuticals

The shortening of patent life periods, generic competition and public health policies, among other factors, have changed the operating context of the pharmaceutical industry. In this work we address a dynamic allocation/planning problem that optimises the global supply chain planning of a pharmaceutical company, from production stages at primary and secondary sites to product distribution to markets. The model explores different production and distribution costs and tax rates at different locations in order to maximise the company's net profit value (NPV).Large instances of the model are not solvable in realistic time scales, so two decomposition algorithms were developed. In the first method, the supply chain is decomposed into independent primary and secondary subproblems, and each of them is optimised separately. The second algorithm is a temporal decomposition, where the main problem is separated into several independent subproblems, one per each time period. These algorithms enable the solution of large instances of the problem in reasonable time with good quality results.     

微波辅助提取墨旱莲总黄酮的工艺优化

采用微波辅助提取墨旱莲中的总黄酮。以总黄酮得率为指标,考察微波辐射时间、液固比、溶剂pH、提取级数等因素对得率的影响,确定了总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件:以去离子水为溶剂,液固比(V/m)=25 mL/g,微波提取210 s,提取2次,此时墨旱莲总黄酮得率为1.42%,而常规水提取的时间为60 min,得率1.24%,故微波辅助提取法高效,省时。     

流动注射分析法测定环境水样中总氰化物

选用流动注射分析技术测定环境水样中总氰化物,选用自动进样器和在线蒸馏系统,标准和样品均在线蒸馏.试验结果表明:在2.0～200.0μg/L浓度范围内,体系吸光度值与总氰化物浓度呈良好的线性关系(相关系数＞0.999),检出限2.0μg/L,实际样品加标回收率在92.8%～108.2%,可用于环境水样中总氰化物的定量检测...     

活性炭吸附法在工业废水处理中的应用

在工业迅速发展的今天,工业废水中各种有毒物质和难以生物降解的污染物对环境的影响,使人们对工业废水处理的研究越来越深入。阐述了活性炭的吸附机理,活性炭在处理含油污水、染料废水、含铬、汞废水中的应用,提出活性炭的发展前景。