生产函数的数据标准化和社会必要劳动

为了定量地解决社会必要劳动的概念及其对商品价值的决定问题，提出了生产函数的数据标准化方法，推导出标准化平均生产函数，并将实物量、劳动量和价值量3种统计总量联系起来进行统一分析。运用数学模型说明了最终决定商品交换价格的是其价值——社会必要劳动，商品效用和供求关系只是其催化剂。     

High order finite difference methods for unsteady incompressible flows in multi-connected domains

Using the vorticity and stream function variables is an effective way to compute 2-D incompressible flow due to the facts that the incompressibility constraint for the velocity is automatically satisfied, the pressure variable is eliminated, and high order schemes can be efficiently implemented. However, a difficulty arises in a multi-connected computational domain in determining the constants for the stream function on the boundary of the “holes”. This is an especially challenging task for the calculation of unsteady flows, since these constants vary with time to reflect the total fluxes of the flow in each sub-channel. In this paper, we propose an efficient method in a finite difference setting to solve this problem and present some numerical experiments, including an accuracy check of a Taylor vortex-type flow, flow past a non-symmetric square, and flow in a heat exchanger.     

The effect of some instrument operating conditions on the x-ray microanalysis of particles in the environmental scanning electron microscope

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the practical effects of electron beam broadening in the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) on particle x-ray microanalysis and to determine some of the optimum operating conditions for this type of analysis. Four sets of experiments were conducted using a Faraday cage and particles of copper, glass, cassiterite, andrutile. The accelerating voltage and chamber pressure varied from 20 to 10 kV and from 665–66 Pa (5.0 to 0.5 torr), respectively. The standard gaseous secondary electron detectors (GSED) and the long environmental secondary dectectors (ESD) for the ESEM were evaluated at different working distances. The effect of these parameters on the presence of artifact peaks was evaluated. The particles were mounted on carbon tape on an aluminum specimen mount and were analyzed individually and as a mixture. Substrate peaks were present in almost all of the spectra. The presence of neighboring particle peaks and the number of counts in these depended upon the operating conditions. In general, few of these peaks were observed with the long ESD detector at 19 mm working distance and at low chamber pressures. More peaks and counts were observed with a deviation from these conditions. The most neighboring peaks and counts were obtained with the GSED detector at 21.5 mm working distance, 10 kV accelerating voltage, and 665 Pa (5.0 torr) chamber pressure. The results of these experiments support the idea that the optimum instrumental operating conditions for EDS analysis in the ESEM occur by minimizing the gas path length and the chamber water vapor pressure, and by maximizing the accelerating voltage. The results suggest that the analyst can expect x-ray counts from the mounting materials. These tests strongly support the recommendation of the manufacturer to use the long ESD detector and a 19 mm working distance for EDS analysis. The results of these experiments indicate that neighboring particles millimeters from the target may contribute x-ray counts to the spectrum.     

利用铜尾矿烧制水泥熟料的技术研究

利用给定铜尾矿在系统分析的基础上,掺加其它一些原料,在实验室烧制高标号水泥熟料。     

船舶最小能量消耗的控制指标

本文介绍了一种船舶自动航行时,使推进能量消耗为最小的控制指标,它同目前存在的各种指标相比,具有一定的优点.     

循环流化床锅炉启动能耗大的原因分析及对策

针对平朔电厂300 MW循环流化床锅炉点火能耗大的问题,详细分析了现有的点火状况以及影响启动能耗的因素,并在床料量的选取、点火一次风量的调整、油枪的出力选取、投煤温度点的选取以及启动时间上进行了相应的调整,调整后的运行方式在实际运行中得到了很好的应用,并取得了良好的经济效益。     

高聚物中渗入C_(60)/C_(70)后计算内阻的压力函数法

应用宏观力学模型对高聚物渗入Ｃ６０／Ｃ７０后的微观内阻机理进行力学分析,提出分子滚珠轴承的设想,得出计算内阻的压力函数法和滚滑内阻权函数的概念。     

2号高炉进风面积的调节

叙述了武钢2号高炉针对原燃料条件变化进行进风面积的调整及调整效果，并对其原因进行了分析。     

火电厂电气监控系统间隔层通信的现状与发展

对火电厂电气监控系统间隔层设备的通信接口方式及通信协议进行了介绍,并指出了其特点及发展方向。     

大型焦炉能量流研究

研究了大型焦炉的能量流,重点分析大型焦炉的高效率能量转换、加热焦炉用煤气热能的节约、焦炉煤气由燃料化利用向资源化利用的提升、焦炉支出热的回收和高效利用;充分论述大型干熄焦装置宜采用高温高压锅炉。