Pressure wave propagation in air-water bubbly and slug flow

Related to nuclear reactor safety problems, such as the loss of coolant accident caused by some small crevasses in nuclear reactor, choked flows after postulated breaks of hot and cold legs of pressurized water reactors and the boiling flow instability in parallel channels, the characteristics of pressure wave propagation were investigated experimentally for the air-water bubbly and slug two-phase flow in a vertical pipe. Pressure wave was generated from the small pressure disturbance by the up-and-down movement of piston in the test section. Air void fraction was up to 0.7 and superficial liquid velocity was up to 1.5 m/s as experimental conditions. The experimental results show that the pressure wave propagation velocity in bubbly flow decreases acutely with the increase of air void fraction from 0 to 0.05. In slug flow, it is constant when the air void fraction is less than 0.5 but increases gradually when the void fraction increases beyond 0.5. The attenuation coefficient of pressure wave increases with the increase of air void fraction in bubbly flow. The dependency of pressure wave propagation velocity on angle frequency ω in air-water flow shows the dispersion characteristic. The propagation velocity and attenuation coefficient increases gradually with the increase of angle frequency. However, the increase vanishes slowly as the angle frequency reaches 250 Hz in bubbly flow. The propagation of pressure wave in bubbly flow is independent of the superficial velocity of fluids in the range of experiment.     

热电模块应用的几个相关问题分析

提出了一种解决热电模块参数的方法.给出了可获得较大制冷系数的条件.热电器件冷却采用最小电流控制技术可获得较高的制冷效率,该技术已成功地应用在某热电控制的微通道换热系统中.     

温州某办公大楼玻璃幕墙热工性能参数对空调冷负荷的影响

阐述了玻璃幕墙的传热系数K值与遮阳系数Sc的取值不同对空调冷负荷的影响;指出了不能单纯以K值来评估玻璃幕墙的热工性能的优劣,Sc值对热工性能影响更大,只有综合考虑K值和Sc值及环境因素,才能选择一个节能、环保的合适玻璃幕墙.     

太阳能热泵系统及其供热系数比较

新能源开发与节能是解决能源短缺的两种重要途径,太阳能热泵系统因其突出的节能与环保特点而具有美好和广泛的应用前景.文章介绍了太阳能热泵系统的基本组成,并对几种太阳能热泵系统进行了热力性能分析和比较.     

小型材轧钢厂倍尺飞剪故障分析及改进措施

针对倍尺飞剪故障，依据其控制原理分析故障的原因，提出(并实施)改进措施，提高了飞剪的作业率．     

热轧厂层流冷却系统存在的问题及改造

分析了武钢热轧厂层流冷却系统存在问题,采用调节水箱与调速水泵运行相结合的改造方案,并解决了变频电机轴承承载能力不够问题,从而满足了生产需要,提高了产品质量,降低了能耗。     

双联叶片泵叶片早期磨损原因分析研究

双联叶片泵的早期磨损现象在SF31904型矿用自卸车上非常严重,为了探究其原因本文从油液污染和磨损两方面对其进行分析,通过对取样油液的化验,发现油液污染非常严重,油液中存在大量的硅和钙的化合物等高硬度的摩擦材料,油液的固体污染等级为NAS163812级,在标准中是最高污染等级,再通过叶片的磨损对比、对照实验及理论分析和推理得知其磨损量和磨损系数都较同等条件下的干净油液大了很多,而叶片的运行寿命则短了很多,这说明污染已成为影响叶片寿命的主要原因。     

Pool boiling heat transfer of carbon dioxide on a horizontal tube

Carbon dioxide is again becoming an important refrigerant. While the thermophysical properties are well known there is a lack of data on its heat transfer characteristics.

In this study, heat transfer coefficients for nucleate boiling of carbon dioxide are determined using a standard apparatus for the investigation of pool boiling based on a set-up from Karlsruhe [D. Gorenflo, J. Goetz, K. Bier. Vorschlag für eine Standard-Apparatur zur Messung des Wärmeübergangs beim Blasensieden. Wärme-und Stoffübertragung 16 (1982), 69–78; J. Goetz, Entwicklung und Erprobung einer Normapparatur zur Messung des Wärmeübergangs beim Blasensieden. Dissertation Universität Karlsruhe (1980).] and built at our institute. Electrically heated horizontal cylinders with an outer diameter of 16 mm and a length of 100 mm are used as heating elements. Measurements with constant heat flux are performed for different wall materials and surface roughnesses. The heat transfer is investigated within the pressure range of 0.53≤ p ≤1.43 MPa (0.072≤ p/p_c ≤0.190) and a temperature range of −56≤ t ≤−30 °C, respectively. Heat fluxes of up to 80,000 W m⁻² are applied.

The influences of wall material and roughness on the heat transfer coefficient are evaluated separately. The obtained coefficients are compared to generally accepted correlations and to experimental results of other authors, who used similar configurations with copper tubes and carbon dioxide. These are the only previous experimental data, which could be found. Results for copper, stainless steel and aluminium as wall materials are presented.     

Equipment for Checking High-Voltage Measuring Transformers

A method of checking measuring voltage transformers, based on the use of a combined high-voltage capacitive voltage divider and a current comparator as standard measuring instruments is considered. The method is used in the UPTN-35 equipment and enables it to be independently checked during use. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika No. 8, pp. 52–55, August, 2005.