当前水价改革中迫切需要注意的问题

加强水价改革，提高水价，促进节约用水，已经成为全社会关注的焦点。在节约用水和水资源优化配置条件下如何确定水价，水价构成及供水企业的合理成本与利润，以及资源水价的分配和用途是当前水价改革中亟须研究探讨和重视的问题。商品水价应该包括三个部分：一是资源水价，二是工程水价，三是环境水价。只有包括资源因素的水价，才能真正发挥水价在水资源的优化配置和合理利用方面的调节作用。     

计算机多媒体技术在水利行业中的应用

文章详细介绍了计算机多媒体技术的特点和该技术在水利工程中记录施工、图纸资料保存、声像文字资料保存、大型工程管理等工作中的应用,阐述了制作多媒体软件的方法和应注意的问题.     

Phosphorus Inputs to Lake Simcoe from 1990 to 2003: Declines in Tributary Loads and Observations on Lake Water Quality

Total phosphorus (TP) inputs to Lake Simcoe have led to hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion and loss of cold water fish habitat. Since 1990, efforts have been made to reduce the total TP input to the lake below a defined target of 75 t/year, which was predicted to lead to reductions in spring TP concentration and improvements in end-of-summer hypolimnetic DO concentrations. The total TP load to the lake during the most recent period of record (1998/99-2003/04) ranged from 53 to 76 t/yr and averaged 67 t/yr, compared to an average of 114 t/yr estimated between 1990/91 and 1997/98 (range 85-157 t/yr). Reductions in TP loads from the catchment via tributary discharge (∼26 t) accounted for the majority of the decrease in total load between the two time periods. Total P concentrations decreased significantly in four out of six long-term monitored tributaries; however, concentrations in all six tributaries remain above the level recommended to avoid nuisance plant growth (30 μg/L). Although TP loads to the lake are currently below the target 75 t/yr, excessive growths of filamentous algae and macrophytes continue to be a problem in the nearshore zone. End-of-summer minimum hypolimnetic DO concentrations (average 4.3 mg/L, 1998/99-2003/04) remain substantially below the level (7 mg/L) that is considered protective of lake trout. Efforts to reduce TP loads to the lake therefore need to continue.     

科学焚烧垃圾系统的技术特点

科学焚烧处理垃圾法具有占地少,场地易选择,时间短,减量化显著,无害化彻底以及回收余热供发电供热等优点.其处理设备和控制系统是保证科学焚烧处理垃圾成功,并带来巨大经济效益的关键.鉴于此,文章对科学焚烧垃圾系统设计作了比较详细的介绍.     

利用高酸值餐饮废油脂制备生物柴油

以高酸值餐饮废油脂为原料,在酯化反应后再经两步酯交换反应制备生物柴油。在酯化反应中添加吸水剂可降低油脂的酸值,经一次酯化反应即可将油脂的酸值降至2m g/g左右,满足酯交换反应的要求。考察了酯化反应中吸水剂的添加方式、种类及其用量对酯化反应的影响,以及酯交换催化剂的种类及用量对脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)收率和产物组成的影响。实验结果表明,以凹凸棒土为吸水剂(用量为餐饮废油脂中游离脂肪酸质量的3%),且在酯化反应30m in时加入,酯化效果较好;以质量比为1∶1的NaOH和KOH混合物为催化剂进行两步酯交换反应时,催化剂的最佳用量依次为1.00%和0.75%(质量分数,基于油脂的质量),FAME收率最高达到96.33%。     

工程建设项目职业健康安全和环境管理机构的主要职责

工程建设项目要实施健康、安全和环境管理,文章阐述了工程建设项目职业健康安全和环境管理机构设置的必要性,该机构是项目职业健康安全和环境管理体系及其管理网络的管理者,是完成项目职业健康安全和环境保护管理目标的第一责任部门。该机构的主要职责有:编制作业文件,组织培训教育,进行监测、检查和监督,审核不符合项的整改、纠正和预防工作,记录及其管理,项目职业健康安全和环境管理评审。组织精悍、职责明确的管理机构并通过严密有序的工作,是实现项目健康、安全、环境管理目标的重要保证。     

山东省水资源配置思路浅析

山东省总体上属于资源性缺水省份，合理配置水资源已成为解决水资源供需矛盾、保障经济社会可持续发展的关键问题之一。通过对山东省水资源的基本特点进行分析，建立了水资源合理配置系统模型及生成配置方案，在供需平衡分析的基础上，提出了水资源合理配置的基本思路。     

Influences of land use/cover on water quality in the upper and middle reaches of River Njoro, Kenya

Data from 10 sampling sites along the River Njoro are used to examine the contribution of nutrients from upstream land uses draining each of the sampling sites. The data also are used to assess whether both the proportion of land uses and the size of the subwatersheds account for the variability in water quality in the River Njoro watershed. Geographical Information System analysis was used to determine the spatial distribution of land‐cover types and subwatersheds contributing run‐off to the sampling sites in the River Njoro. Standard Digital Elevation Model‐based routines were used to establish the watershed area contributing run‐off to each sampling site. Water and sediment samples were collected for chemical analysis, and the nutrient levels were related to the upstream land‐use types and the size of the subwatersheds. The mid‐stream portion of the River Njoro (near Egerton University) accounts for the highest nutrient contributions. The percentage contribution is magnified by additions from industrial, human settlements and agricultural land uses around the University. There is a significant decrease in nutrient levels downstream, however, indicating natural purification as the river flows through an area of large‐scale farming with intense, well‐preserved riparian and in‐stream vegetation. Steep slopes of the land upstream of Egerton University enhance erosion and nutrient losses from those subwatersheds. Mixed small‐scale agricultural and bare lands contribute over 55% of the phosphorus load to the upper and mid‐reaches of the River Njoro. The size of the subwatershed accounts for about 53% of the variability in the soluble phosphorus in the river. The land‐use subwatershed proportions are important for characterizing and modelling water quality in the River Njoro watershed. Upland land uses are as important as near‐stream land uses. We suggest that conservation of intact riparian corridor along the river and its tributaries contributes significantly to natural purification processes and recovery of the ecological integrity of the River Njoro ecosystem.     

Internal-corrosion inhibitors for pipelines carrying deaerated heating water

The effect of internal-corrosion inhibitors on heating-system pipelines is investigated. Tests were conducted on a testing device for polarization measurements under conditions corresponding to the Rostov Heat-Supply System. The concentration of OEDP-zinc, which provides a high degree of protection from general corrosion, is determined. The reagent has been successfully incorporated into the Rostov No. 2 TPP. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 7, July 2007, pp. 37–43.     

中、美流域水资源管理机制比较

萨斯奎哈纳流域管理委员会的委员由美国联邦政府和其流域内纽约、宾夕法尼亚、马里兰三个州的代表组成。在《萨斯奎哈纳流域协议》（联邦法律）的授权下。该委员会有权处理流域内的任何水资源问题。相比之下．国内的流域机构没有流域内省（自治区、直辖市）的代表作为委员，流域水行政管理的职能还不能满足流域内社会经济发展的实际需要。因此，形成和完善以流域为单元的水资源管理法律框架是有效保护、开发和管理流域水资源的基础，建立包括流域内省（自治区、直辖市）为代表的流域管理委员会可以提供一个有代表性、长效的管理机构。流域管理委员会应着重加强流域水资源保护、开发和管理的综合规划，注重流域的公共利益和社会服务．重视水质、湿地、洄游鱼类、珍稀物种和文化遗产保护．切实担当起河流代言人和保护神的角色。