煤化工用水及废水处理分析

概述了煤化工高能耗、高污染、高耗水的产业特点,从工艺、意识、来源分析了造成产业特点的原因。为了减少煤化工废水中有毒害物质的含量,介绍了常用的废水处理方法,展望了煤化工用水及废水处理发展趋势。     

两大型化工企业污水合并处理运行总结

介绍了兖矿鲁南化肥厂和兖矿国泰化工有限公司2家大型煤化工企业污水合并处理前的运行情况及污水合并处理的必要性、可行性及实施步骤,探讨污水合并处理后可能遇到的问题及有效的应对措施.合并处理运行1 a多的结果表明,污水处理运行稳定,经济效益显著,每年可为企业降低运行成本1 200万元.     

The effects of high pressure processing and slightly acidic electrolysed water on the structure of Bacillus cereus spores

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high pressure processing (HPP) and slightly acidic electrolysed water (SAEW) on the structure of B. cereus spores in order to understand the inactivation mechanism. The physiological response of spores was studied by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), dipicolinic acid (DPA) release, su­per-res­o­lu­tion mul­ti­pho­ton con­fo­cal mi­cro­scope (SMCM), and flow cytometry (FCM). The morphology of B. cereus spores treated with HPP-SAEW exhibited a large fraction damage, and also an incomplete exosporium. Furthermore, spores treated with HPP-SAEW had an irregular surface bumps, and even a critical distortion. Approximately 90% of DPA was released in the groups of treated by HPP-SAEW, and 80% of DPA was released in single HPP treatment groups. The SMCM and FCM results indicated that HPP-SAEW methods was not mainly depended on germination, but directly killed. The mechanism of HPP-SAEW possibly was that one of the proteins was particularly susceptible to SAEW under HPP conditions.     

Lake extent changes in Basotu,Tanzania: a mixed-methods approach to understanding the impacts of anthropogenic influence and climate variability

Incompatible land use is a major contributor to ecosystem degradation, and is often exacerbated by climate change impacts. We investigate Lake Basotu, Tanzania as a case study where natural lake variability has been affected by agricultural land use. Comparisons between a satellite-derived history of lake surface area, local precipitation records, and corresponding anthropogenic activity show the impacts of agricultural and historical practices. We argue that insufficient consideration to the wider ecological impacts of large agricultural projects has lasting implications. This is particularly true in semi-arid environments where food production demands need to be continuously met. In the future, major conservation strategies should be investigated to maintain the environmental integrity and sustainability of freshwater resources.     

Phenoxybenzamine Is Neuroprotective in a Rat Model of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) is an FDA approved α-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist that is currently used to treat symptoms of pheochromocytoma. However, it has not been studied as a neuroprotective agent for traumatic brain injury (TBI). While screening neuroprotective candidates, we found that phenoxybenzamine reduced neuronal death in rat hippocampal slice cultures following exposure to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). Using this system, we found that phenoxybenzamine reduced neuronal death over a broad dose range (0.1 μM–1 mM) and provided efficacy when delivered up to 16 h post-OGD. We further tested phenoxybenzamine in the rat lateral fluid percussion model of TBI. When administered 8 h after TBI, phenoxybenzamine improved neurological severity scoring and foot fault assessments. At 25 days post injury, phenoxybenzamine treated TBI animals also showed a significant improvement in both learning and memory compared to saline treated controls. We further examined gene expression changes within the cortex following TBI. At 32 h post-TBI phenoxybenzamine treated animals had significantly lower expression of pro-inflammatory signaling proteins CCL2, IL1β, and MyD88, suggesting that phenoxybenzamine may exert a neuroprotective effect by reducing neuroinflammation after TBI. These data suggest that phenonxybenzamine may have application in the treatment of TBI.     

阴离子交换树脂床“钠离子放大”原因、影响及应对措施

离子交换树脂法制化学除盐水,阴床"钠离子放大"会降低阴床及后继混床除盐效率,同时会造成已被吸着的阴离子,从阴离子交换树脂中解吸出来,造成除盐水不合格。     

Thickness and scratch resistance of adsorbed film formed by triblock symmetrical copolymer solutions

The thickness and scratch resistance of adsorbed films formed on mild steel samples (MS1020), which have been immersed in water copolymer solutions, are reported. The effects of bulk temperature and the copolymer structures, normal, poly(ethylene oxide)_m‐poly(propylene oxide)_n‐poly(ethylene oxide)_m, and reverse, poly(propylene oxide)_n‐poly(ethylene oxide)_m‐poly(propylene oxide)_n, are elucidated. The films' thicknesses are independent of structure but not of temperature. The adsorbed films of above cloud point solutions are thicker than below cloud point. However, nanoscratch experiments carried out to measure the scratch resistance of the films reveal that despite of thicker film formed by above cloud point solutions, it is relatively more prone to being detached than the thinner films of below cloud point solutions. The effect of extreme pressure additive, alkyl phosphate ester (APE), is also investigated suggesting the normal copolymer has comparable scratch resistance with APE when used at below the cloud point. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈城市供水备用水源工程的规划与设计

本文结合城市备用水源建设的用途、建设规模、调控策略等内容,对城市备用水源工程进行了定义。在探讨城市备用水源工程的构建类型时,根据备用水源的设计规模与工程建设要求,为城市备用水源工程的规划设计提供了理论基础与实践依据。     

重要厂用水系统设计水温对冷链换热器热工设计的影响分析

核电厂重要厂用水系统设计水温(TSEC)是影响冷链换热器热工设计的重要参数,随着TSEC的增大,冷链换热器的热工设计工况趋于恶劣,导致换热面积和设备尺寸逐渐增大。本文以冷链换热器的典型热工设计工况为设计输入,针对不同的TSEC,采用热混合设计方法,得到了对应TSEC下的冷链换热器板片方案。分析了冷链换热器总通道数量、流道占比、总传热系数随TSEC的变化情况,发现对于特定的热工设计工况,冷链换热器只能在一定的TSEC范围内实现压降和换热裕量的完全匹配,且存在一个临界温度,当TSEC高于该温度后,板片数量会迅速增大,应尽量避免TSEC高于该临界温度。     

基于模糊PID控制的循环水自动加药与监测系统

工业生产中加强对循环水质的处理变得越来越重要,在对循环水系统存在问题进行分析后,利用西门子S7-200 PLC和WinCC组态软件开发设计了新型工业循环水水质在线监测与自动加药系统,解决了传统控制难以保证加药量准确与均匀的问题;针对加酸中pH值过程具有非线性、时变和大时滞等特点,采用了以控制人员的经验为基础的模糊控制方法,结果表明pH值控制误差完全满足系统要求;系统已在化工厂中投入运行,经实践证明,该系统人机交互性好、可靠性高、抗干扰能力强,满足了现代工业循环水质监管的要求。