乙醇及发酵废液预处理秸秆条件的研究

利用酒精厂的乙醇发酵废液对小麦秸秆进行预处理,处理液仍在本厂回收后再利用,这样有助于降低预处理成本,促进纤维素乙醇的发展。经实验,处理小麦秸秆的最佳条件为乙醇、杂醇油体积比为1∶1,处理温度110℃,处理时间为200min,处理后的秸秆酶解率达到83.3%,比直接酶解高出近50%,但由于纤维糖化液中抑制发酵成分的存在,使得发酵的酒精度只有6%左右。     

降低上面发酵小麦啤酒头痛感的酿造条件优化

啤酒上头的原因主要是较高的醇酯比和乙醛含量。为降低上面发酵小麦啤酒头痛感,对其发酵条件进行优化,并通过气相色谱（GC）检测啤酒中高级醇、酯类和乙醛等风味物质含量。结果表明,最优发酵条件为发酵温度18 ℃（醇酯比2.02、乙醛含量3.51 mg/L）、发酵压力0.12 MPa（醇酯比2.01、乙醛含量2.75 mg/L）和零代酵母（醇酯比2.20、乙醛含量2.76 mg/L）。在此条件下发酵的小麦啤酒醇酯比为2.0～2.5,乙醛含量＜4 mg/L,不易引起上头。     

Sulfite-Formaldehyde Pulping and Oxygen Delignification of Wheat Straw

In this study,wheat straw pulp was prepared by sulfiteformaldehyde(SF) pulping combined with oxygen delignification to develop a sustainable methodology for chemical pulping of straw materials.The bleachability of oxygen-delignified SF pulp was also evaluated by hypochlorite bleaching.The results indicated that the Na_2SO_3 charge played an important role in lignin removal during SF pulping as well as oxygen delignification.The efficiency of oxygen delignification of wheat straw SF pulp was markedly high.After the oxygenation stage,the Kappa number decreased by over 50%(the original Kappa number of SF pulp was lower than 30) when the Na OH charge was in the range of 3%~5%.The optimal conditions for preparing bleached pulp via combined SF pulping and oxygen delignification involved the use of 12% of Na_2SO_3 and 3% of Na OH,respectively.Pulp with relatively high brightness,a low Kappa number,as well as an acceptable viscosity could be obtained when oxygen-delignified SF pulp was bleached with hypochlorite under a low active chlorine dosage.     

影响朝鲜族冷面品质的原料因素研究

以朝鲜族冷面为研究对象,研究不同面筋质含量的小麦粉对冷面品质的影响,借助于粉质仅、拉伸仪等现代分析仪器。研究添加不同比例荞麦粉的冷面面团的流变学特性,并进行了品尝评分。结果表明：冷面的制作宜选择面筋质含量26％～28％的中筋力面粉;荞麦粉也影响冷面的品质,其添加比例在30％以下可使冷面面团具有良好的工艺特性和食用品质。     

DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF MASHED POTATOES

The dielectric properties of mashed potatoes are measured as a function of sample temperature and preparation procedure. The temperature range for the first sample is between 10 and 80°C, the second sample is characterised in the temperature range from ?17.7 to 20.7°C. The results show, that the impact of temperature on the dielectric properties at 2.45 GHz is small in the range above the freezing temperature. In the temperature range, where melting occurs, there is a sharp increase of the relative dielectric constant ε′ and the loss factor ε′′. The measured, inter- and extrapolated values of the dielectric properties are used to calculate the penetration depth δ _p . This parameter can serve as an input parameter for the mathematical modelling of temperature profiles in microwave heating of food of cylindrical and slab-shaped geometry.     

酚基木聚糖对面团特性及馒头品质的影响

以小麦粉为原料,采用0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%四个添加量添加酚基木聚糖,研究酚基木聚糖对面团特性及馒头品质的影响。结果表明:随着酚基木聚糖添加量的增加,面团的吸水量、弱化度增大,形成时间、稳定时间和粉质指数先增大后减小,酚基木聚糖显著地改善了面团的粉质特性;面团的弹性模量G'呈下降趋势,黏性模量G"呈先升后降趋势,损耗角正切tanδ呈上升趋势;馒头的色泽、比容、硬度、黏附性、胶黏性和咀嚼性下降,凝聚性和回复性无显著差异。在酚基木聚糖添加量为0.5%时,馒头的综合评价最高。随着馒头储藏时间的延长,馒头的硬度呈上升趋势,弹性和回复性呈下降趋势,酚基木聚糖能减缓馒头硬度上升幅度和回复性下降幅度。馒头的老化主要集中在储藏前24 h内,酚基木聚糖的添加能减缓馒头的老化程度。     

麦麸中生理活性物质研究与应用进展

阿拉伯木聚糖、植酸、阿魏酸是麦麸中重要的生理活性物质,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化等功能,加上其很强的饱水性、稳定性,使它在食品添加剂和功能食品开发上具有广泛的应用前景。不同的分离提取方法对这些生理活性物质的得率、结构影响明显,并影响其功用,本文综述了麦麸阿拉伯木聚糖、植酸、阿魏酸的提取方法及其应用情况。     

麦胚油及其功能组分研究现状

小麦胚芽油中含有对人体健康有益的不饱和脂肪酸、维生素E和二十八烷醇等功能性成分而受到人们越来越多的关注。本文重点介绍了近年来国内麦胚油及其功能组分的提取和开发现状,为功能性食品配料的生产和加工厂家提供参考。     

麦胚中营养成分及总黄酮含量的测定

本文测定了麦胚中各种营养成分和总黄酮含量,结果显示,各种营养素含量均较其他谷类粮食丰富,尤以蛋白质、锌、铁、铜、锰、维生素B_1及维生素E最为显著;脂肪含量较高,且56％的为必需脂肪酸亚油酸;麦胚中也含有较多的膳食纤维;总黄酮含量为222. 39mg/kg,故麦胚亦是黄酮类化合物的良好来源。     

麦胚蛋白酶解物对小鼠抗氧化作用的研究

研究不同剂量麦胚蛋白酶解物WGPHs对小鼠抗氧化作用的影响。80只昆明系小鼠,雌雄各半,分为基础饲料对照大组和高脂饲料对照大组,各大组随机分为四小组,分别为对照组、WGPHs低剂量组、WGPHs中剂量组、WGPHs高剂量组。对照组灌胃生理盐水,其余三组分别按100、500、1000mg/kg·d的剂量灌胃WGPHs水溶液。各组连续灌胃30d后,处死小鼠,检测小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明:WGPHs在显著提高小鼠血清SOD和GSH-Px活性(p<0.05)的同时能显著降低血清MDA含量(p<0.05),其作用效果随着WGPHs剂量的增加而增大,WGPHs可增强小鼠的抗氧化作用。