高盐脱硫废水水泥化固定技术的研究现状与发展

脱硫废水作为电厂的末端废水,产生背景复杂,水质水量特征受燃煤、石灰石以及脱硫系统运行等多因素影响,处理难度大。本文从脱硫废水污染物成分示踪角度介绍了脱硫废水的性质和产生背景,归纳了当前主流的脱硫废水零排放处理技术,将其分解为预处理、浓缩减量以及转移与固化3个单元：预处理主要是双碱法,浓缩减量分为膜浓缩和蒸发浓缩两大类,转移与固化主要包括蒸发结晶、旁路蒸发和固定/稳定化等技术。结合目前脱硫废水零排放进展,提出了一种水泥固定/稳定化脱硫废水工艺,综述了水泥固化脱硫废水的研究进展,同时对水泥行业中影响氯离子固定的各项因素进行了总结,水泥固定/稳定化脱硫废水技术发展前景广阔,但需要从提升固化体性能角度开展更多研究。     

印刷质量实时检测研究

为了实现对印刷品的实时检测,在印刷品定位方面,针对印刷实际生产提出假设,设定实时检测中印刷品的偏移量为一有限值,利用对套准的识别来判定偏移量,从而将数据传递给输纸机构进行校正。在判断印刷品是否发生偏转时,采用印刷套准标记与位移定位和旋转定位相结合的方法,可对待测印刷品进行分析和检测,迅速校正印刷质量,并找出故障所在区域,从而找出故障印刷品。     

烤烟免耕栽培对烟叶产量和质量的影响

为了探讨烤烟省工栽培方法,在水稻土和黄壤2种土壤上进行了2年的田间定位免耕试验.结果表明,烤烟免耕栽培第1年对烟株生长发育及烟叶产量、产值等经济性状没有显著影响,免耕栽培能改善烟叶化学成分的协调性和烟叶的感官评吸质量,且以免耕并覆盖秸秆效果较好.由于免耕省去了土壤翻耕、整理和起垄过程,因此省工降本效果明显.     

再生双胶纸品质的提升措施

再生双胶纸因低能耗、轻污染,市场占有率和认可度逐步提升。但其存在强度低、尘埃度高、印刷适性差等方面的不足,需要从设备、工艺等各方面进行解决,逐步提升再生双胶纸的品质。     

Local analysis of Marangoni effects during and after droplet formation

The influence on the mass transfer in liquid-liquid extraction was investigated during droplet formation in a quiescent aqueous continuous phase for the two transition components, acetone and acetonitrile, in toluene. Both transition components have similar characteristics. However, an approximately eight times slower mass transfer of a droplet hanging on a capillary in relation to a rising droplet could be observed. The droplet formation time and the initial solute concentration are decisive for the mass transfer behaviour. A lower volumetric flow leads to slower droplet formation and a higher specific mass transfer area enhancing mass transfer, which is visualized via laser induced fluorescence (LIF). Additionally, as expected, higher initial solute concentrations promote Marangoni turbulences and thus mass transfer, which is measured via confocal Raman spectroscopy inside a fixed hanging droplet.     

Effect of catalytic washcoat shape and properties on mass transfer characteristics of microstructured steam-methanol reformers for hydrogen production

Many attempts have been made to improve mass transfer by reducing the size of reactors. However, such reduction will fairly quickly reach practical limitations and numerous difficulties still remain. Catalytic washcoat shape and properties may be critical design factors, but the mechanisms for their effects on mass transfer characteristics are still not fully understood. To effectively eliminate problems associated with mass transport phenomena in microstructured steam-methanol reformers, the effects of washcoat shape and properties were investigated in various situations by performing computational fluid dynamics simulations. The dependence of the solution on mass transfer characteristics was reduced to a small number of dimensionless parameters. A dimensionless mass transfer analysis was carried out in terms of the Sherwood, Schmidt, and pore Reynolds numbers. The results indicated that the rate of mass transfer is predominantly controlled by washcoat properties, and porosity and effective thermal conductivity are fundamentally important. The rate of the reforming reaction is typically controlled by kinetics at a temperature of 480 K and limited by mass transfer at a temperature of 580 K. The shape of washcoats affects the overall mass transfer characteristics, depending on the structural and thermal properties of washcoats. The shape effect is limited by heat transfer. A three-fold increase in effectiveness factor can be achieved by increasing the effective thermal conductivity of the washcoat. Design recommendations were finally made to improve transport characteristics for the systems.     

Airborne bacterial assemblage in a zero carbon building: A case study

Currently, there is little information pertaining to the airborne bacterial communities of green buildings. In this case study, the air bacterial community of a zero carbon building (ZCB) in Hong Kong was characterized by targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Bacteria associated with the outdoor environment dominated the indoor airborne bacterial assemblage, with a modest contribution from bacteria associated with human skin. Differences in overall community diversity, membership, and composition associated with short (day‐to‐day) and long‐term temporal properties were detected, which may have been driven by specific environmental genera and taxa. Furthermore, time‐decay relationships in community membership (based on unweighted UniFrac distances) and composition (based on weighted UniFrac distances) differed depending on the season and sampling location. A Bayesian source‐tracking approach further supported the importance of adjacent outdoor air bacterial assemblage in sourcing the ZCB indoor bioaerosol. Despite the unique building attributes, the ZCB microbial assemblage detected and its temporal characteristics were not dissimilar to that of conventional built environments investigated previously. Future controlled experiments and microbial assemblage investigations of other ZCBs will undoubtedly uncover additional knowledge related to how airborne bacteria in green buildings may be influenced by their distinctive architectural attributes.     

Taylor Bubble Study of the Influence of Fluid Dynamics on Yield and Selectivity in Fast Gas-Liquid Reactions

A consecutive competitive gas-liquid reaction is investigated using a Taylor bubble setup regarding the influence of fluid mixing in the bubble wake on yield and selectivity. The concentration fields behind a Taylor bubble are visualized and measured quantitatively with a novel time-resolved absorption imaging technique based on Beer Lamberts law and an integral selectivity is derived. In addition, the calculation of the local selectivity, often used in numerical approaches, is discussed and the existing experimental limits for its derivation are pointed out. Finally, an increase in selectivity of a competitive consecutive reaction for enhanced mixing is experimentally confirmed.     

双向光收发组件探测器端耦合和封装工艺分析

探测器响应度直接影响双向光收发组件（bi-directional optical sub-assembly，BOSA）的性能，探测器端的耦合和封装在BOSA生产中占据重要地位。为了系统分析BOSA生产中各偏移因素对探测器端耦合的影响，选择探测器电流响应度作为耦合标准进行实验，并通过分析实验结果来得出BOSA探测器端耦合和封装过程中的改进措施。参考BOSA的实际光路，建立光纤-波片-芯片耦合模型，模拟了光束偏移与耦合效率的关系；研究了BOSA耦合和封装工艺中产生的偏移，并分析它们对探测器端耦合效率的影响。随后使用自动耦合设备，对BOSA探测器端进行耦合实验，并分析波片角度偏移、波片与探测器透镜的高度差、探测器透镜水平偏移对耦合效率的影响。实验结果表明：探测器透镜水平偏移对耦合效率的影响最大，波片角度偏移、波片与探测器透镜的高度差对耦合效率的影响较小。研究结果为BOSA探测器端的耦合和封装提供了系统的理论指导，对BOSA的实际生产有一定参考价值。     

Evaluation of Transport Phenomena for Removing Vanadium from Petrochemical Industry Solid Waste

Transport phenomena are investigated which are involved in the electrokinetic remediation process used for removing vanadium from deactivated catalysts from oil catalytic cracking that are currently allotted to cement plants and class-I landfills. Variables such as the concentration of electrolyte, electric potential, and applied electric current were evaluated in order to determine the effects produced by electroosmosis, diffusion, hydraulic gradient, and electromigration on the removal of vanadium from the catalyst. It was observed that migration is the most relevant phenomenon in the remediation tests, and for the best remediation condition, the migratory flow accounted for about 87 % of the vanadium removal.