甜玉米芯多糖对胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞糖代谢功能的影响

目的:探讨甜玉米芯多糖(sweet corncob polysaccharide,SCP)组分SCP-80-I对胰岛素抵抗HepG2(insulinresistant HepG2,IR-HepG2)细胞糖代谢功能的影响.方法:确立IR-HepG2细胞模型建立的最佳条件,并由此建立IR-HepG2细胞模型;分别以50、1...     

响应面法优化超声波提取川皮苷工艺研究

为确定甜橙皮渣中川皮苷超声提取的最佳工艺,以甜橙皮渣为原料,在单因素试验基础上采用Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析方法,建立超声功率、超声时间、超声温度和料液比与川皮苷得率之间的数学模型。结果表明:回归方程显著,决定系数R2=0.9319,一次项和二次项对川皮苷得率有显著影响。超声波提取川皮苷的最佳工艺条件为料液比1:20(g/mL)、超声温度59.0℃、超声时间45min、超声功率120W。此工艺条件下,川皮苷得率为209μg/g,与模型预测值204μg/g相近。     

甜橙果肉粉对橙油风味物质的吸附性能研究

为探究柑橘果肉在风味吸附方面的机制,测定了甜橙果肉粉的成分构成、氮气吸附-脱附等温线,采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）观察了其微观结构,采用气相色谱-质谱法（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS）测试分析了其对橙油风味物质的吸附性能。成分分析结果表明甜橙果肉粉主要由膳食纤维（51.87%±3.12%）、蛋白质（20.47%±0.58%）、脂肪（11.33%±1.60%）、淀粉（4.06%±0.59%）构成。SEM观察结果及氮气吸附-脱附等温线分析结果表明,甜橙果肉粉复合物中存在丰富的褶皱和缝隙等不规则结构,比表面积达2.98 m2/g。GC-MS测试分析结果表明,甜橙果肉粉对橙油典型香气成分例如柠檬烯、γ-萜品烯、β-月桂烯、β-水芹烯、芳樟醇、辛醛、壬醛等有明显的吸附作用,尤其与直链脂肪醛、含氧萜类衍生物的相互作用较明显,而对α-蒎烯、桧烯等双环单萜类成分的吸附作用相对较弱。综上,甜橙果肉粉中各组成成分交联而成的褶皱和缝隙结构是其发挥风味吸附作用的重要基础,研究结果可为进一步开发利用甜橙果肉提供参考。     

原料糯高粱对酱香型白酒品质影响的研究现状

原料是白酒酿造的物质基础,酱香型白酒酿造需精选糯高粱作为原料,其品质的优劣将直接影响到酒的产质量。该文通过概述糯高粱理化指标、糯高粱自身香气成分及不同品种高粱对酱香型白酒品质的影响,了解原料糯高粱对酱香型白酒品质影响的研究现状,并对酱香型白酒优质优产提出了几点思考建议,以期为酱香型白酒产业高质量发展提供参考依据。     

老白干白酒中糖和糖醇类物质研究

该研究采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）技术对衡水老白干中甜味突出酒样中的糖和糖醇类化合物进行检测。结果表明,该法对于检测酒样中糖和糖醇类化合物线性范围宽,达到了对酒样中糖和糖醇类化合物的分析要求,具有一定的准确性和精确性。共检测出11种物质,包括4种糖和7种糖醇类物质,并精确定量了其中的3种糖和6种糖醇类物质,其中葡萄糖（3.33 mg/L）和甘油（1.20 mg/L）含量较高,其他物质含量由高到低依次为果糖、木糖、阿拉伯醇、木糖醇、核糖醇、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇。将老白干白酒与酱香型白酒中对应结果进行对比,发现由于两种香型白酒的制曲工艺以及核心发酵工艺不同,造成了发酵过程中的菌群有所不同,从而使得两者酒体中糖和糖醇类物质的含量有所差异。     

响应面法优化低脂甘薯脆片加工工艺

以红心甘薯为原料,优化低脂甘薯片生产过程中漂烫、热风干燥、油炸等关键工艺参数,以产品含油率和色差(L*值和b*值)为评价指标,并通过响应面优化确定最优的低脂甘薯片生产工艺.结果表明,较优漂烫工艺条件为:漂烫温度70℃,漂烫时间7 min;较优的热风干燥工艺条件为:热风干燥温度70℃,热风干燥时间40 min;最优油炸工...     

Anthocyanin changes in the Korean purple-fleshed sweet potato,Shinzami, as affected by steaming and baking

As hydrophilic pigments, anthocyanins reduce the incidence of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the anthocyanin content and composition following steaming and baking of the roots of the Korean purple-fleshed sweet potato variety “Shinzami” were evaluated using liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionisation/mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI/MS). Anthocyanins of Shinzami were composed of mono- or di-acylated forms of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid with the basic structure of cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside or peonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside. A total of 15 individual anthocyanins were isolated and confirmed, one of which was presumed to be a newly identified compound, peonidin 3-feruloyl-p-hydroxybenzoyl sophoroside-5-glucoside. Additionally, the amounts of di-acylated cyanidin 3-caffeoyl-p-hydroxybenzoyl sophoroside-5-glucoside and peonidin 3-caffeoyl-p-hydroxybenzoyl sophoroside-5-glucoside were the highest (137.0 and 565.9 mg/100 g DW, respectively) among cyanidin and peonidin compounds. After steaming, the total anthocyanin content was reduced by nearly a half, while roasting only slightly reduced the total anthocyanin content.     

Influences of superheated steaming and roasting on the quality and antioxidant activity of cooked sweet potatoes

Roasted sweet potato is a popular food because of the attractive aroma produced by the Maillard reaction. However, the roasting process may lead to charred skin. Cooking with superheated (saturated) steam provides a solution to this problem. As the results show, when comparing sweet potatoes cooked by superheated steam, and those roasted for 40 min, respectively, the degree of gelatinisation could reach as high as 95% with only 140 °C superheated steam, while roasting required temperatures up to 240 °C. Moreover, in appearance, the skins of the sweet potatoes cooked using superheated steam were not charred like the roasted ones. However, sweet potatoes roasted at 240 °C for 60 min had the highest overall sensory score. When comparing the antioxidant activity, the sweet potatoes cooked by superheated steam had the highest content of total phenol and flavonoids, the best scavenging ability of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the highest ferric‐reducing ability of plasma (FRAP).     

Consumer Input for Developing Human Food Products Made with Sorghum Grain

Abstract: Because sorghum grain has important characteristics (for example, great antioxidant profile) for introduction into the regular human diet, producers and industry aim to develop successful products using sorghum as the base. The 1st step in developing products attractive for consumers is understanding consumer needs and expectations. Conjoint analysis determines attributes which may be important or unimportant for one product. In this study, focus groups and conjoint analysis were used to establish which attributes are helpful for promoting purchase intent of sorghum grain products. Once those characteristics were chosen, a national survey was conducted to confirm the selection. During the focus groups, the heath aspects of grain products seemed to be the most appealing for consumers, whereas conjoint analysis showed that sensory attributes were the principal drivers for purchase intent. Practical Application: The data presented in this study are essential for industry as a starting point for developing sorghum grain based food products. It is necessary to address consumers’ demands to ensure new products’ success in the market, and the present study clearly shows this consumers’ input.     

不同乳酸菌发酵对甘薯淀粉加工浆液营养功能成分及感官特性的影响

选用植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum,Lp）、保加利亚乳杆菌（Lactobacillus bulgaricus,Lb）、嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophilus,St）、戊糖片球菌（Pediococcus pentosus,Pp）、干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei,Lc）及商业Lp（SZ）分别对甘薯淀粉加工浆液进行发酵,比较不同乳酸菌发酵对甘薯淀粉加工浆液营养功能成分（蛋白质、灰分、可溶性膳食纤维、不溶性膳食纤维、总膳食纤维、总酸、总糖、乳酸、短链脂肪酸、总酚、游离氨基酸）及感官特性（电子鼻、电子舌、气相色谱-质谱、感官评价）的影响。结果表明：6 种乳酸菌发酵后,浆液中蛋白质、糖类、可溶性膳食纤维、不溶性膳食纤维及总膳食纤维含量显著下降;不同乳酸菌均表现出良好的发酵性能,发酵后浆液pH值从6.62下降到3.67～3.88,总酸质量浓度由0.29 g/100 mL提高至2.69～3.67 g/100 mL,且乳酸及短链脂肪酸含量显著上升;Lb和Lc发酵显著提高了浆液中总酚含量,分别提升了18.44%和17.78%;在发酵液中共检出16 种游离氨基酸,其中必需游离氨基酸含量显著上升;气相色谱-质谱结果表明,乳酸菌发酵可有效提升甘薯淀粉加工浆液中风味物质的种类和含量,改善其风味和口感,其中Pp、St和SZ发酵浆液的总体感官品质最好。上述研究结果可为乳酸菌发酵应用于甘薯淀粉加工浆液制备饮料的研发奠定理论支撑。