磷酸钙骨水泥的临床应用与研究进展

磷酸钙骨水泥是一种新型的自固型、非陶瓷型骨水泥。它克服了钙磷陶瓷脆性大、塑型困难、不能降解等缺点,有良好的生物相容性、可降解性和骨传导能力,且可任意成型,反应不生热,使用方便,临床上用于非负重部位骨缺损的修复、松质骨螺钉加固、药物或生物因子载体等领域。本文对近年来CPC的临床应用与研究进展进行了综述。     

快速成型技术在医学上的应用

随着计算机技术的快速发展,三维重建和快速成型技术逐步应用于医学领域.结合逆向工程及快速成型技术的基本原理,重点阐述了逆向工程及快速成型技术在先天性单侧唇裂三维模型的重建、面容多发性骨折缺损骨和下颌骨缺损三维模型重建等医学上的应用,并简单介绍了快速成型技术在现代医学应用上的重要意义,最后根据快速成型技术的特点,提出了快速成型技术在现阶段存在的问题及其以后在文化艺术,航天航空及家电行业等领域的发展前景.     

磷酸钙生物可吸收材料及其微观性能研究

本文以CaHPO4·2H2 O和CaCO3为原料 ,加入少量的磷酸盐粘结剂 ,制备了一种新的多孔 β Ca3(PO4) 2 ( β TCP)陶瓷材料。该材料不仅有着良好的生物理化性能及生物相容性 ,而且具有良好的生物降解特性 ,临床上可用于骨缺损修复     

锰掺杂纳米羟基磷灰石的体外抗菌-促成骨性能研究

羟基磷灰石(HAP)作为一种常见的骨修复材料,在治疗感染性骨缺损时仍面临着细菌感染的风险,有限的骨诱导能力也阻碍了其进一步应用。本研究采用共沉淀法制备了一种锰掺杂羟基磷灰石纳米棒(MnHAP),该纳米材料兼具优良的细胞生物相容性,高抗菌效率和骨诱导能力。抗菌实验表明,MnHAP10(n(Mn)/n(Ca+Mn)=10%))对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率可分别达到77.85%和75.92%,并且在808 nm近红外光照射下,对大肠杆菌的抗菌效率得到了进一步增强(97.63%)。细胞增殖以及相关成骨基因实验表明,MnHAP有利于成骨细胞的增殖分化,提高了对蛋白质的吸附能力和成骨活性,促进了相关成骨基因的表达,且具有良好的生物相容性。MnHAP纳米棒有望为感染性骨缺损治疗提供一种新的思路。     

长骨大段骨缺损修复材料的力学性能及制备策略

在长骨大段骨缺损修复中,自体骨移植是治疗的"金标准",但存在来源有限等问题;合金和部分陶瓷由于应力屏蔽效应而引起骨吸收;可降解生物材料的力学性能无法与皮质骨相匹配.因此,力学适配性是目前硬组织修复材料研究的首要目标.通过汇总硬组织修复材料的拉伸强度-杨氏模量的关系、断裂韧度-杨氏模量的关系、冲击强度(韧度)-杨氏模量的关系和杨氏模量-密度的关系可以发现,现有硬组织修复材料的四对力学性质都没有进入皮质骨的范围,离长骨骨干力学性质中央区域还有很长的距离.骨的微观结构对开发新型骨修复材料极具启示.骨实际上是一种复合材料,无机相、有机相均各自交联成一个独立的整体,但又在分子尺度加以复合,相互穿插、缠绕,具有既强又韧的性能.因此,满足皮质骨力学适配性的硬组织修复材料应包含羟基磷灰石和生物相容性良好的高分子材料,且它们在纳米尺度复合.海鞘纤维素具有很高的模量,拥有增强复合材料的巨大潜力.将海鞘纤维素与纳米羟基磷灰石复合,通过温和成型制备方法(如离子寡聚体聚合、冷烧结或快烧结等方法)有望获得力学性能与皮质骨匹配的人工骨修复材料.本文归纳了长骨大段骨缺损修复材料的研究现状,并指出了存在的问题,进一步根据骨的微观结构讨论了生物复合材料设计和制备策略,以期为开发出力学性能优良的生物材料提供参考.     

锶掺杂纳米羟基磷灰石的制备

骨缺损的治疗是临床研究中的一项重大挑战,在天然骨骼中发现的各种人体必需元素中,锶是一种非常特殊的元素。在人体中,锶具有很强的亲骨性。锶掺杂后的纳米羟基磷灰石,与未掺杂的羟基磷灰石相比表现出增强的促成骨细胞分化活性。     

Preparation of new tissue engineering bone-CPC/PLGA composite and its application in animal bone defects

To investigate the feasibility of implanting the biocomposite of calcium phosphate cement (CPC)/polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid (PLGA) into animals for bone defects repairing, the biocomposite of CPC/PLGA was prepared and its setting time, compressive strength, elastic modulus, pH values, phase composition of the samples, degradability and biocompatibility in vitro were tested. The above-mentioned composite implanted with bone marrow stromal cells was used to repair defects of the radius in rabbits. Osteogenesis was histomorphologically observed by using an electron-microscope. The results show that compared with the CPC, the physical and chemical properties of CPC/PLGA composite have some differences in which CPC/PLGA composite has better biological properties. The CPC/PLGA composite combined with seed cells is superior to the control in terms of the amount of new bones formed after CPC/PLGA composite is implanted into the rabbits, as well as the speed of repairing bone defects. The results suggest that the constructed CPC/PLGA composite basically meets the requirements of tissue engineering scaffold materials and that the CPC/PLGA composite implanted with bone marrow stromal cells may be a new artificial bone material for repairing bone defects because it can promote the growth of bone tissues.     

Mesoporous bioglass/silk fibroin scaffolds as a drug delivery system: Fabrication,drug loading and release in vitro and repair calvarial defects in vivo

The potential of combining bioactive glass（MBG） and silk fibroin（SF） together as a new drug delivery system was evaluated. The three-dimensional porous scaffolds were selected as the form of SF, and sol-gel method was adopted to fabricate MBG in this study. The characteristic of the synthesized material was measured by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro evaluation of drug delivery was carried out in terms of drug loading and drug release. And aspirin was chosen as the drug for scaffolds to carry out in vitro tests and repair BALB/C mice calvarial defects. Bone formation was examined by microcomputed tomography. The experimental results show that MBG/silk scaffolds have better physiochemical properties compared with silk scaffolds. In comparison to pure silk scaffolds, MBG/silk scaffolds enhance the drug loading efficiency, release rate in vitro and promote bone regeneration in vivo. Thus we conclude that MBG/silk scaffold is a more efficient drug delivery system than pure silk scaffolds.     

数字化成形钛网修补颅骨缺损的效果分析

目的:探讨颅骨缺损患者应用数字化成形钛网修补的效果。方法:选取2015年1月-2018年1月本院收治的颅骨缺损患者50例。按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各25例。对照组接受预塑球形钛网修补术治疗,观察组接受数字化成形钛网修补术治疗。比较两组手术时间、应用钛钉数、并发症及患者对外观满意度。结果:观察组手术时间短于对照组,应用钛钉数少于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组,外观满意度评分高于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:颅骨缺损患者采取数字化成形钛网修补术治疗,相比预塑球形钛网修补术治疗,应用的手术时间更短、钛钉数目更少,并发症发生率更低,患者对外观更满意,值得在临床推广应用。     

α-磷酸三钙/α-半水硫酸钙复合骨水泥的制备及力载荷下的性能研究

α-磷酸三钙(α-tricalcium phosphate,α-TCP)是目前临床上理想的骨修复材料之一,其生物相容性良好且降解产物对人体无害,但力学强度较低.Wolf提出,人体骨骼在长时间接受外力时,会增大骨密度与坚硬强度,研究力载荷下材料的性能具有重要意义.研究以α-TCP为主,与α-半水硫酸钙(α-calcium...