Numerical Study of Solid-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Stirred Tanks with Rushton Impeller (Ⅰ) Formulation and Simulation of Flow Field

Three-dimensional solid-liquid flow is mathematically formulated by means of the "two-fluid" approach and the two-phase k-ε-Ap turbulence model. The turbulent fluctuation correlations appearing in the Reynolds time averaged governing equations are fully incorporated. The solid-liquid flow field and solid concentration distribution in baffled stirred tanks with a standard Rushton impeller are numerically simulated using an improved "inner-outer" iterative procedure. The flow pattern is identified via the velocity vector plots and a recirculation loop with higher solid concentration is observed in the central vicinity beneath the impeller. Comparison of     

常规流场和交指型流场的质子交换膜燃料电池传热传质三维模拟

针对常规流场和交指型流场的质子交换膜燃料电池提出了三维非等温数学模型。模型详细考虑了电池内部的传热、传质和电化学反应，重点考察了多孔介质内的组分传递和膜内水的电渗和扩散作用，对氧气传递限制和膜内水迁移对电池性能的影响进行了分析和讨论。结果表明，流道的交指型设计加强了气体在多孔介质内的质量传递，提高了电池的输出性能，但相应地，阴极催化层界面水分的减少也使得膜的水合程度降低，这就需要更有效的水管理来防止膜脱水。     

Laminar and turbulent mass transfer simulations in a parallel plate reactor

Laminar and turbulent mass transfer in a parallel plate reactor at high Schmidt number obtained from numerical simulation is compared with literature data. In a first step, the fluid flow is determined numerically in the reactor by solving the Navier–Stokes equations. For turbulent flow, a low Reynolds number k— model is used to calculate the turbulent viscosity. Using the obtained flow field and turbulent viscosity, the current density distribution is calculated for different flow velocities by solving the equations describing the transport of multiple ions due to diffusion, convection and migration. For the laminar case, a very good agreement with literature data is obtained. For turbulent flow, different numerical models for turbulent mass transfer are proposed in the literature. A detailed study of the behaviour close to the wall of these different turbulence models is presented, together with a comparison of the calculated results with literature correlations. This allows identification of the benefits and disadvantages of each of the turbulence models for the numerical calculation of mass transfer at high Schmidt numbers in a parallel plate reactor.     

Crack–Tip Toughness of a Soft Lead Zirconate Titanate

Crack–opening displacement (COD) measurements were performed on a commercial lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The intrinsic fracture toughness (or crack–tip toughness) of this material was determined using a new evaluation procedure, which takes into account the near–tip CODs and complete crack profile CODs. The crack–tip toughness K _I0 was determined from an extrapolation of COD data obtained at various loading stages, thus avoiding the complications caused by subcritical crack growth in PZT. Results for plane strain and plane stress condition are presented.     

1-(2-呋喃基)-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮的合成与表征

以2-乙酰呋喃和苯甲醛为原料,经碱催化发生Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应,合成了一种查尔酮类化合物1-(2-呋喃基)-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮(FPPO)。在考察了各因素对缩合反应的影响后,采用响应面实验优化法探讨了反应时间、氢氧化钾质量分数、n(苯甲醛)∶n(2-乙酰呋喃)对产物FPPO产率的影响。结果表明:当n(苯甲醛)∶n(2-乙酰呋喃)=1.47∶1、反应时间为1 h、氢氧化钾质量分数为5.75%时,产物FPPO产率为63.3%,将相转移催化剂聚乙二醇-400 (PEG-400) 6 g加入反应体系后,FPPO产率可达88.5%。利用UV、FTIR和~1HNMR对其结构进行了确证,同时利用荧光光谱仪、DSC和TGA分别测试了FPPO的荧光性能和热稳定性。荧光性能测试结果显示:FPPO具有良好的荧光性能,当浓度为1.0×10~(-4) mol/L时,荧光强度为3.13×10~4 a.u.;DSC和TGA结果显示:FPPO具有较好的热稳定性,耐热温度约为140℃。     

客运专线修建后城际旅客出行方式选择的变化

在分析影响旅客出行方式选择行为因素的基础上,根据Logit模型,选择经济性、快速性、方便性、舒适度、安全性为5个衡量指标并建立其广义费用函数,推导出客运专线修建前后城际旅客对各出行方式选择变化的计算模型,利用相关研究结果和极大似然估计法,确定模型参数。最后以郑西客运专线为例进行了模拟计算。结果表明,客运专线的技术经济特征决定了其能够给城际旅客带来较高的效用,客运专线修建后,选择铁路出行的城际旅客比例将大大提高。     

产量递减的时序分析法预测

首次运用时间序列分析的基本理论和方法,以大港油田港东东区块递减期产油量数据为例,建立该区块产量递减的自回归AR(3)模型,用最小二乘法进行参数估计。通过检验模型效果,相对误差较小。     

基于改进的BASS模型的服装产品生命周期研究

为提高服装的销售预测准确度,通过产品的生命周期曲线模型,使得服装销售预测的定性分析与定量预测有机地结合在一起。针对目前服装产品生命周期曲线模型的局限性,引入改进的BASS模型,对服装产品生命周期进行研究。通过销售实例探讨改进的BASS模型用于描述服装生命周期的可行性,建立了以改进的BASS模型为基础的服装产品生命周期模型,并利用该模型对服装销售量做预测,取得了比其他模型更高的精度。     

多目标投资组合模型的理想点解法

对多目标证券组合投资模型进行了研究,该模型用于解决多目标线性优化问题,模型以绝对偏差和代替方差、以换手率刻画流动性。研究考虑到了投资者的效用函数,采用理想点法对模型进行了求解,便于实际操作;通过实例分析了该模型的应用价值。     

地源热泵土壤热物性测试与分析

运用恒热流测试原理自主研发了岩土热物性测试仪,通过现场测试的方法,调整加热管的加热功率、埋管中循环水流量、埋管进出口水温随时间变化规律,利用线热源理论确定了地下岩土的热物性参数。实验表明,土壤初始温度的测量精度对于提高土壤的导热系数是至关重要的,在未扰动的土壤温度以及给定PE管材的条件下,测试时间为50小时左右时,土壤导热系数逐渐趋于稳定,收敛于3.109 W/(m.℃),整个测试过程平均导热系数为3.489W/(m.℃),该结果为地源热泵系统的准确设计提供了依据。