Characterization of PA-12 specimens fabricated by projection sintering at various sintering parameters

Large area projection sintering (LAPS) promises to be a new method in the field of additive manufacturing. Developed in the Mechanical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, LAPS uses long exposure times over a broad area of powder to fuse into dense, reproducible materials. In contrast, LS, a common powder-based additive manufacturing, uses a focused beam of light scanned quickly over the material. Local regions of concentrated high-energy bursts of light lead to higher peak temperatures and differing cooling dynamics and overall crystallinity. The mechanical properties of laser sintered specimens suffer because of uneven particle fusion. LAPS offers the capacity to fine-tune fusion properties through enhanced thermodynamic control of the heating and cooling profiles for sintering. Further research is required to identify the relationship between LAPS build settings and part properties to enable the fabrication of custom parts with desired properties. This study examines the influence of LAPS sintering parameters on chemical structures, crystallinity, mechanical, and thermal properties of polyamide-12 specimens using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, small-angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and microhardness testing. It was observed that higher crystallinity was imparted to specimens that were sintered for a shorter time and vice versa.     

LY12铝合金在模拟酸雨溶液中的阻抗谱研究

利用电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线方法 ,研究了模拟酸雨溶液 pH值对LY12铝合金腐蚀行为的影响 .结果表明 ,当模拟酸雨溶液 pH小于 3 1时 ,LY12铝合金的腐蚀电位随pH值的升高而变负 ;当溶液 pH大于 3 4时 ,LY12铝合金的腐蚀电位随 pH值升高而变正 .在 pH小于 3 4的模拟酸雨溶液中 ,LY12铝合金的表面膜发生溶解 ,随着浸泡时间延长 ,膜厚度降低 ,膜阻抗降低 ,LY12铝合金的腐蚀速率升高 .而在 pH大于 3 8溶液中 ,LY12铝合金的表面膜厚度基本不随浸泡时间发生明显变化 ,随浸泡时间增加 ,膜阻抗增大 ,LY12铝合金的腐蚀速率降低 .从铝合金表面膜特性和离子吸附及腐蚀产物等方面 ,对实验结果进行了讨论     

Novel accelerated corrosion test for LY 12CZ and LC4CS aluminum alloys

A new accelerated corrosion test--comprehensive environmental test （CET） was developed in order to estimate the outdoor corrosion of aluminum alloys in marine environment. The environmental characteristics in CET were studied by atmospheric corrosion monitor （ACM）, and the morphology of corrosion product was observed by SEM. The correlation between the accelerated corrosion tests and outdoor exposure was discussed. The results show that the anti-corrosion ranking for LY12CZ, LC4CS, clad LY12CZ, and clad LC4CS in CET is the same as that of the alloys exposed outdoor, and ACM study shows that CET demonstrates the .same environmental characteristics as that exposed outdoor. CET is a more accurate accelerated corrosion test, and a mathematical relation was obtained to describe the relation between CET and outdoor test.     

压缩机叶轮用钢——X12Cr13锻件工艺研究

通过对X12Cr13钢中奥氏体与铁素体的相匹配关系的研究,确定出该钢种合理的化学成分和合理的加热及热处理制度,解决了该钢在轧制、锻造等压力加工过程中易产生裂纹的问题。     

冷摆辗模具的失效分析与Cr12型钢热处理工艺

对冷摆辗模具进行失效分析，介绍常用的冷摆辗模具材料Cr12型钢的热处理工艺。     

ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1微弧氧化陶瓷膜层形成过程研究

通过控制微弧氧化时间,研究了ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1在不同氧化时间下膜层的生长过程,分析了氧化过程中正向电流密度、膜层厚度的变化.结果表明微弧氧化阶段又分为氧化过渡阶段和氧化烧结阶段.氧化过渡阶段陶瓷层以向外生长为主;生成Al2O3非晶氧化物;氧化烧结阶段膜层以向内生长为主,此阶段膜层生长速率最快,生成Al2O3晶体和莫来石.氧化烧结阶段对陶瓷膜层的形成起重要作用,对氧化烧结阶段的控制可直接影响膜层的厚度以及膜层中Al2O3晶体含量.     

12Ni3MoV钢焊接HAZ中的粒状组织

本文用热模拟技术研究了低温球罐用钢12Ni3MoV钢模拟焊接HAZ中的粒状组织和粒状贝氏体的组织形态、形成过程及影响因素。研究结果表明,12Ni3MoV钢两相区和细晶区的组织为粒状组织,粗晶区的组织为侧板条粒状贝氏体和针片状粒状贝氏体。奥氏体状态对冷却后的转变产物育显著的影响。奥氏体晶粒细小或奥氏体成分不均匀,冷却过程中易形成粒状组织,奥氏体晶粒粗大,且成分均匀,冷却过程中易形成粒状贝氏体。     

Preparation of epitaxial and polycrystalline bismuth titanate thin films on single crystal (100) MgO by chemical solution deposition

Epitaxial and polycrystalline Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ thin films were prepared on single crystal (100) MgO substrates by a chemical solution deposition process using metal naphthenates as starting materials. Pyrolyzed films (at 500°C) were annealed for 30 min in air at 650, 700, 750 and 800°C, respectively. The effects of annealing temperature on the crystallinity, epitaxy and surface morphology of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction θ-2θ scans, pole-figure analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Epitaxially grown films annealed at 700 and 750°C, respectively, showed growth of three-dimensional needle-shaped grains. During annealing at 800°C, grain growth of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ may be suppressed by the formation of a titanium-rich phase such as Bi₂Ti₂O₇ owing to Bi volatilization, resulting in lower root mean square roughness than that of film annealed at 750°C.     

In situ repair welding of steam turbine shroud for replacing a cracked blade

A root-cracked blade in a high-pressure steam turbine of a nuclear power plant had to be replaced with a new blade by cutting the shroud to remove the cracked blade. This necessitated in situ welding of a new shroud piece with the existing shroud after the blade replacement. The in situ welding of the shroud, a 12% Cr martensitic stainless steel with tempered martensite microstructure, was carried out using gastungsten arc welding and 316L austenitic stainless steel filler metal followed by localized postweld heat treatment at 873 K for 1 h using a specially designed electrical resistance-heating furnace. Mock-up trials were carried out to ensure that sound welds could be made under the constraints present during the in situ repair welding operation. In situ metallography of the repair weld after postweld heat treatment confirmed the adequate tempering of the martensitic structure in the heat-affected zone. Metallurgical investigations carried out in the laboratory on a shroud test-piece that had been welded using the same procedure as employed in the field confirmed the success of the in situ repair operation. The alternate option available was replacing the cracked blade and the shroud piece to which it is riveted with a new one, reducing the height of all the blades attached to the shroud by machining, riveting the blades with reduced height to the new shroud, and, finally, dynamic balancing of the entire turbine after completion of the repair. This option is both time-consuming and expensive. Hence, the successful completion of this repair welding resulted in enormous savings both in terms of reducing the downtime of the plant and the cost of the repair. The turbine has been put back into service and has been operating satisfactorily since December 2000.     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊接缺陷分析

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对6mm厚的2A12及3A21铝合金进行焊接。对其焊接速度、旋转速度及压入量等工艺参数选择不当所产生的接头缺陷进行了分析;焊接缺陷的产生与焊接热输入及焊缝塑性金属的软化相关。当热输入不足或者塑性金属的软化程度较差时都会导致焊接缺陷的形成。