低渗透砂岩油藏隔夹层注气突破压力及注气开发策略——以柴达木盆地尕斯库勒油田E31油藏为例

隔夹层发育的陆相低渗透砂岩油藏在水驱后面临亟需采用提高采收率接替技术的难题,综合运用岩心观察、薄片分析、扫描电镜、压汞及突破压力实验等方法,研究了柴达木盆地尕斯库勒油田E₃¹油藏隔夹层类型及特征,明确了注气突破压力规律,分析了隔夹层发育油藏注气提高采收率策略。研究结果表明,尕斯库勒油田E₃¹油藏主要发育泥质和钙质两类隔夹层,以泥质隔夹层为主,钙质隔夹层分布相对较少。隔夹层渗透率以小于0.01 mD为主,与储层相比其物性及孔隙结构极差,呈纳米级孔喉,渗流能力低。在同种饱和介质条件下,突破压力梯度与渗透率呈幂指数关系。隔夹层纵向封隔能力强,泥质隔夹层平均突破压力梯度为储层的103~491倍。气体易选择性驱替原油,同种岩心条件下饱和水后突破压力梯度最大,为饱和油后岩心突破压力梯度的2~4倍。隔夹层将储层分为多个流动单元,有效抑制气体超覆,扩大气体波及体积,有利于陆相低渗透砂岩油藏水驱后注气提高采收率。     

AZ31B镁合金超声滚压表层力学性能的纳米压痕测试

超声滚压可以使镁合金表面纳米化,从而影响表层的力学性能。研究多道次超声滚压AZ31B镁合金表层力学性能,可以为镁合金超声滚压仿真分析提供依据。本文通过车削和多道次超声滚压对AZ31B镁合金棒进行表面处理,采用白光干涉ZeGageTM Plus光学轮廓仪对车削和超声滚压后试样的表面形貌进行观测,通过纳米压痕仪测定试样表层的纳米硬度和弹性模量,并获得载荷-位移曲线。结果表明,经3道次超声滚压加工后,AZ31B镁合金表面粗糙度由车削后的0.568um降低至0.192um,下降了66.2%;相同的加载方式下,越接近超声滚压表面,纳米压痕深度越浅;在距离表面300μm深度内,纳米硬度得到明显提升,且越接近超声滚压表面,纳米硬度越大;在距离表面200μm深度内,弹性模量明显增大,说明3道次超声滚压对AZ31B镁合金表层纳米力学性能的显著影响层深度达到200μm。多道次超声滚压提高了材料表层的纳米硬度和弹性模量,起到了表面强化的作用。     

三层复合板铝/镁合金/铝FSW接头的微观组织与抗拉强度

摘 要:文中进行了不同焊接速度下三层复合板Al/ AZ31/Al 搅拌摩擦焊接（FSW）工艺试验,并观测分析了其接头成形、显微组织和拉伸性能。实验研究结果显示：在实验优化的工艺参数下,焊缝接头成形较好,其内部呈层状分布且未发现缺陷;焊核区（NZ）晶粒细化明显,大角晶界（HAGBs）和再结晶晶粒占比达80%;在焊缝前进侧带状组织区（BS）和镁、铝界面处存在金属间化合物（IMC）,主要为Al3Mg2和Al12Mg17;随焊速增加,焊接接头抗拉强度先增大后减小,在V=100mm/min时焊核区铝层晶粒平均尺寸为1.75μm,接头抗拉强度达到最大87.3MPa,是母材的50.8%。     

基于DPC31的Profibus-PA智能从站设计

设计了一种基于DPC31通信芯片的PA智能从站开发方案,解决了由于SPC4协议集成不完整,造成开发Profibus-PA智能从站软件较困难的关键技术问题。     

Paint-bake response of AZ80 and AZ31 Mg alloys

Aging behaviors of extruded and rolled AZ80 and AZ31 Mg alloys were investigated under conditions similar to the paint-bake cycle currently used in automotive industry.Artificial aging at 170℃ from 0.5 to 12 h was conducted on solution-treated specimens to study the effects of aging on mechanical properties.SEM observations and EDS data show thatβ-phase of Al12Mg17 precipitates continuously or discontinuously fromα-Mg matrix and distributes along grain boundaries of the AZ80 alloy during artificial aging.Data of tensile tests and Vickers hardness tests show that an optimum mechanical property is achieved after baking at 170℃ for 6-8 h when Vickers hardness,tensile strength,and elongation are increased by 6.35%,15.30%,and 7.88%,respectively, while the AZ31 alloy does not exhibit significant hardening behavior over the aging period.     

The influences of alloying additions and processing parameters on the rolling microstructures and textures of magnesium alloys

The combined effects of lithium additions (1–3 wt%) and processing parameters (rolling temperature, annealing) on the microstructural and texture evolution of pure Mg and Mg–3 wt% Al–1 wt% Zn alloy have been studied. Following rolling the basal planes were aligned with the sheet surface, although the basal poles were split and rotated towards the rolling direction. Lithium additions increased the rotation of basal poles in the rolling and transverse directions; an increase in the rolling temperature was associated with decreased rotation in the rolling direction and some broadening of texture in the transverse direction. Recrystallization during rolling varied between alloys, but had little influence on the texture. Recrystallization, and particularly grain growth, during annealing resulted in a single peak in the basal poles replacing the split observed following rolling. Texture is interpreted in terms of deformation, recrystallization and grain growth. Microstructural and texture evolution during industrial forming processes are also discussed.     

肿瘤坏死因子诱生剂RT—A2的质谱研究

本文报导了描爪草有效成份RT－A2的EI谱。RT－A2对肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）有较强的诱生作用。RT－A2的分子式被推断为n－C15H31COOH，并讨论了特征碎片离子可能裂解方式。     

Physiological constraints on changes in pH and phosphorus metabolite concentrations in ischemically exercising muscle: implications for metabolic control and for the interpretation of31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies

Relationships between pH and the concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and lactate during ischemic exercise depend on passive buffering, proton consumption as a consequence of net PCr breakdown, the control of glycogenolysis, (particularly in relation to the concentration of Pi, a substrate of glycogen phosphorylase that is produced by net PCr breakdown), and the creatine kinase equilibrium. The author analyzes the implications of these relationships for the interpretation of³¹P-magnetic resonance spectroscopic data and for the control of glycogenolysis. For realistic adenosine diphosphate (ADP) concentrations, given the constraints of the creatine kinase equilibrium, the pH must be near-linear with lactate, with an apparent buffer capacity (i.e., the ratio of lactate accumulation to pH change) that is nearly twice the true buffer capacity (i.e., the ratio of net proton loading to pH change). The implications for glycogenolytic control depend on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) turnover, but an upper limit of activation of glycogen phosphorylase (i.e., the amount of thea form) that would permit no increase in ADP concentration can be calculated. Phosphorylase activation during ischemic exercise seems approximately proportional to the power output, consistent with calcium stimulation of phosphorylaseb kinase. In simulations, ADP concentration is highly sensitive to this proportionality, as (unlike in purely oxidative exercise) ADP concentration is not known to participate in any closed feedback loops in ischemic exercise.     

Grain refinement and orientation of AZ31B magnesium alloy in hot flow forming under different thickness reductions

An analysis of the hot flow forming of Mg-3.0Al-1.0Zn-0.3Mn (AZ31B) alloy was conducted by experiments and numerical simulations. The effects of different thickness reductions on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated at a temperature of 693 K, a spindle speed of 800 rev/min and a feed ratio of 0.1 mm/rev. Thickness reductions have great influence on the uniformity of microstructure along the radial direction (RD) and the grain sizes become refined and uniform when the thickness reduction reaches 45%. The c-axes of most grains are approximately parallel to the RD, with a slight inclination towards the axial direction (AD). The best mechanical properties with UTS of 280 MPa and YS of 175 MPa near the outer surface while 266 MPa and 153 MPa near the inner surface have been achieved due to grain refinement and texture. Moreover, the material flow behavior and stress/strain distributions for single-pass reductions were studied using the ABAQUS/Explicit software. The calculated results indicate that the materials mainly suffer from triaxial compressive stresses and undergo compressive plastic strain in RD and tensile strains in other directions. The higher stress and strain rate near the outer surface lead to more refined grains than that of other regions along the RD, whereas the orientation of the maximum principal compressive stress leads to a discrepancy of the grain orientations in RD.