Experimental investigation of bubble and particle motion behaviors in a gas-solid fluidized bed with side wall liquid spray

Bubble and particle motion behaviors are investigated experimentally in a gas solid fluidized bed with liquid spray on the side wall. The particles used in the experiment are classified as Geldart B particles. The results reveal that when the fluid drag force is less than the liquid bridge force between particles, liquid distribute all over the bed. Bubble size increases as the increase of inter-particle force, then decreases owing to the increase of particle weight with increasing liquid flow rate. When the fluid drag force is greater than the liquid bridge force, liquid mainly distribute in the upper part of the bed. And it is difficult for the wet particles to form agglomerates. Bubble size decreases with increasing liquid flow rate due to the increasing of minimum fluidization velocity. Besides, the acoustic emission (AE) measurements illustrate that the liquid adhesion and evaporation on particles could enhance the particles motion intensity. Consequently, the bubble and particle behaviors change due to the variation in fluidized gas velocity and liquid flow rate should be seriously considered when attempting to successfully design and operate the side wall liquid spray gas solid fluidized bed.     

Creep damage behaviors of red sandstone subjected to uniaxial compression after high-temperature heat treatment using acoustic emission technology

This work discusses the results from tests conducted to investigate the uniaxial compression and creep behavior of red sandstone. An original untreated sample and an 800°C treated sample were selected to carry out the experiments. High temperature had an obvious influence on the mechanical properties of the red sandstone. The relationship between creep strain and instantaneous strain, as well as the instantaneous deformation modulus and creep viscosity coefficient, was analyzed. High temperature reduced the ability of the red sandstone to resist instantaneous deformation and creep deformation. Acoustic emission (AE) technology was also used in the loading process of uniaxial compression and creep tests, providing a powerful means for damage evolutionary analysis of the red sandstone.     

局部感知的类限制极限学习机

极限学习机(ELM)由于高效的训练方式被广泛应用于分类回归,然而不同的输入权值在很大程度上会影响其学习性能。为了进一步提高ELM的学习性能,针对ELM的输入权值进行了研究,充分利用图像局部感知的稀疏性,将局部感知的方法运用到基于自动编码器的ELM(ELM-AE)上,提出了局部感知的类限制极限学习机(RF-C₂ELM)。通过对MNIST数据集进行分类问题分析实验,实验结果表明,在具有相同隐层结点数的条件下,提出的方法能够获得更高的分类精度。     

Dynamic destabilization analysis based on AE experiment of deep-seated, steep-inclined and extra-thick coal seam

No. 5 coal seam in Huating Coal Mine is a deep-seated, steep-inclined extra-thick coal seam where excavation disturbance is quite frequent. The maximum and minimum principal stresses differ widely. During mining, dynamical destabilization happens frequently and induce tragedies. Based on the comparison between the acoustic emission （AE） experiment on dynamical destabilization of coal rock and the related in situ testing results, this article provides comprehensive analysis on the regular quantificational AE patterns （energy rate, total events） of coal rock destabilization in complex-variable environment. The comparison parameters include dynamic tension energy rate, deformation resistance to compression, and shear stress.     

Study of electromagnetic and acoustic emission in creep experiments of water-containing rock samples

Based on biaxial shear creep tests conducted on rock samples with different water contents, we present the results of our study on the regularities of electromagnetic and acoustic emission during the process of creep experiments in which we have ana-lyzed the contribution of water to the occurrence of electromagnetic radiation. The result shows that in the creep-fracturing course of rock samples, when the water content increases, the initial frequency and amplitude of electromagnetic and acoustic emission also increases, but at a decreasing growth rate caused by loading stress. This can be used as a criterion for the long-term stability of rock masses under conditions of repeated inundation and discharge of water.     

Relationship between FAC at plasma sheet boundary layers and AE index during storms from August to October, 2001

Unlike the previous single (dual) satellite observation, the four Clusterll satellites make it possible to directly compute the continuous field-aligned current (FAC) density according to the magnetic data from them and to enable the investigation of the relationship between the FAC and geomagnetic activity. This paper analyzes the observation data when the Cluster satellites crossed the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) in the magnetotail during the two magnetic storms in August to October 2001. According to the data, during the magnetic storms the relationship between the variations of FAC and AE index turned out to be: 1) FAC was obviously increasing during the storms; 2) FAC density was approximately negatively correlated with AE index from the sudden commencement to the early main phase of the storm; 3) they were approximately positively correlated during the late main phase and early recovery phase; 4) they were no apparent correlation during the late recovery phase. Supported by the CAS International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40621003, 40674091 and 40390150     

Effect of patch hybridization on the tensile behavior of patch repaired glass/epoxy composite laminates using acoustic emission monitoring

This paper investigates the tensile response of damaged glass/epoxy composite laminates repaired using hybrid external patches. Hybrid external patches based on glass and Kevlar woven fabrics bonded on both faces of the damaged parent laminate were considered. Five different kinds of plain weave woven fabrics with a different ratio between glass and Kevlar fibers (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100) were used as the external patches. The intention of using these hybrid patches was to combine the excellent tensile stiffness of Kevlar fiber with the superior resin adhesion property of glass fiber. The virgin and damaged specimens were taken as the reference specimens for comparison of residual mechanical properties and damage mechanisms. Damage evolution and the failure progression of the repaired glass/epoxy specimens were monitored using real-time Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring technique. The Acoustic Emission (AE) results depict different damage profiles and link them with mechanical test results to reveal the load to a change in failure mechanisms during mechanical loading concerning the influence of each hybrid patches on the performance of repaired glass/epoxy specimens. Good correlation of the acoustic emission results with the photographic images of fractured specimens was obtained. Specimens repaired with the equal volume fraction of glass and Kevlar fibers in the external patches presented the most favorable residual tensile response by effectively releasing the stress concentration in the damaged area.     

Back-analysis of rock mass strength parameters using AE monitoring data

Most back-analyses in geotechnical engineering are based on methods that utilize field displacement monitoring data. In the present study, a novel method is developed to back-calculate rock mass strength parameters from AE (acoustic emission) monitoring data in combination with FEM stress analysis. The method is based on the important concept of generalized AE initiation threshold of rock masses, established from comprehensive data analysis of laboratory test and underground monitoring programs using AE and microseismic (MS) techniques. An easy-to-use Wizard is developed in Microsoft Excel™ to assist site engineers to perform the back-analysis. The efficient solver in Excel is utilized to reach the optimization solution of an objective function with constraints. The Wizard allows the user to complete the analysis process in an interactive fashion. One example is given to demonstrate the back-analysis process using AE monitoring data recorded from a cavern site. The rock mass strength parameters identified from this approach compare well with field test data, suggesting that the tool can be used effectively to back-calculate rock mass strength parameters from AE monitoring data.     

准脆性材料声发射的损伤模型及统计分析

岩石、混凝土等材料的声发射是与材料内部损伤密切相关的伴生现象，对其信息的研究有助于揭示材料破裂机制，在地震、岩爆、岩体稳定、应力量测等工程领域有广泛的应用。利用累积声发射数与损伤变量一致的观点，建立准脆性材料声发射的损伤模型，得到声发射率和Kaiser效应的一般表达式，并给出恒位移速率和恒荷载速率加载方式下声发射率与时间的解析关系。在一般情况下，声发射的位移或应变变化率与加载方式和加载体的刚度无关，由材料本身决定；当采用恒位移速率加载并调节加载体的刚度或采用恒荷载速率加载，声发射都会出现前震-主震模式。通过假定损伤演化函数分别为Weibull和对数正态分布概率密度函数，证实材料的声发射活动普遍存在初始平静、接近强度极限时剧烈、后期逐渐沉寂等过程；当材料均匀程度由高到低变化，声发射存在主震、前震-主震-后震和群震3种声发射模式，再现Kaiser效应，并且每次重新加载并超过前次荷载水平后，声发射活动变得更加剧烈。     

北京房山花岗岩原地应力状态AE法估计

在北京房山花岗岩体中钻了一个深301m，直径101mm的钻孔。从钻孔深度30～301m，利用水泥端帽法对岩芯进行了定向。对深度270和294m的定向岩芯进行了声发射Kaiser效应试验。水平面内最大主应力的方向基本为南北方向。将声发射Kaiser效应测量结果与水压致裂法的测量结果进行了对比，二者具有很好的一致性。