使用者行为心理对公共座椅可用性的影响

以公共座椅在现实生活中的使用情境为基础,分析了影响使用者对公共座椅选择行为的生理和心理因素,并结合不同公共场所的设计实例,重点从人际距离的角度论述了使用者不同的心理需求,进而对公共座椅的可用性进行分析。在此基础上,提出了设计者在设计研究中需重视使用者对公共座椅的评价;以及对使用者心理尤其是人际距离需求的研究。     

单座容积超大型厅堂顶部材料吸声效率的研究

单座容积超过国家标准推荐上限值两倍及以上的厅堂定义为超大型厅堂,这类厅堂在观演建筑中越来越多。在超大型厅堂的音质设计中,为了控制厅堂内的混响时间,顶部往往需要布置吸声材料。借助厅堂音质计算机模拟分析软件,以三个超大型厅堂模型的混响时间为例,探讨了吸声材料布置在顶部时的吸声效率。研究结果表明,顶部材料的吸声效率与声源到顶面的距离和声源的频率均呈负相关,而材料自身的吸声系数对顶部吸声效率的影响较小。     

Hybrid nesting control strategy for passenger railway with one-seat-one-ticket restriction

Nesting control is one of the most prevalent quantity-based controls for the revenue management problem. A popular nesting control strategy for multi-resource problem is the virtual nesting control, which sets nested booking limits on each resource. However, this control was originally developed for the airline and cannot be directly used in the passenger railway with one-seat-one-ticket restriction. Therefore, this paper develops a new nesting control that is applicable to the railway. The proposed control can nest the capacity over different fare classes and origin-destination pairs, which overcomes the shortcomings of existing railway booking-limit controls. Numerical experiments are conducted in various scenarios to evaluate the performance. The results show that the hybrid nesting control outperforms the others in all situations. In addition, the revenue improvement increases with the randomness of demand and discount percentage.