红外吸收法测硅铁中的超低硫

应用高频红外碳硫仪,建立了硅铁合金中超低硫测定方法,对选择适当的测定条件如助熔剂、分析时间等进行了探讨,最佳测定条件:最大工作电流为400～480 mA;载气纯度为99.99%;陶瓷坩埚需经1 100℃灼烧2 h后,可使空白降至最小;硫元素最短分析时间为40 s,比较水平为5.00.     

Anomalous codeposition of Co–Ni: alloys from gluconate baths

Thin films of cobalt–nickel alloys were galvanostatically deposited onto steel substrates from gluconate baths. Cathodic polarization curves were determined for the parent metals and Co–Ni alloy. The effects of bath composition, current density and temperature on cathodic current efficiency (CCE) and alloy composition were studied. The deposition of Co–Ni alloy is of anomalous type, in which the less noble metal (Co) is preferentially deposited. The CCE of codeposition is high and increases with increase in temperature and current density, but it decreases as the [Co²⁺]/[Ni²⁺] ratio in the bath increases. The percentage of Co in the deposit increases with increasing cathodic current density, temperature and increasing Co²⁺ ion concentration. The structure and surface morphology of the deposit were studied by XRD, ALSV and SEM. The results showed that the alloys consisted of a single solid solution phase with a hexagonal close packed structure.     

Preparation of a self‐compatibility alloy via a seed‐graft concentrated‐emulsion pathway

A novel polymerization procedure, the concentrated‐emulsion graft polymerization of styrene monomer with poly(butyl acrylate) seed, was proposed for the production of a self‐compatibility macromolecule alloy. The effects of the butyl acrylate content, sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration, and polymerization temperature on the graft ratio were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and impact strength were used to characterize the microstructure and mechanical performance of the self‐compatibility macromolecule alloy. The results showed that increasing the butyl acrylate content, reducing the sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration, and improving the polymerization temperature all favored an increased graft ratio, which resulted in increased impact strength of the self‐compatibility macromolecule alloy. Therefore, the concentrated‐emulsion polymerization method is particularly suitable for seed‐graft polymerization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2915–2920, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10288     

Oxidation and intergranular disintegration of the aluminides NiAl and NbAl3 and phases in the system Nb-Ni-Al

The oxidation behavior is very different for an aluminide with a wide homogeneity range such as -NiAl than for a line compound such as NbAl ₃.Oxidation of -NiAl at temperatures 1273 K leads to a slow-growing -alumina layer. The metal phase beneath the scale remains as -NiAl; however, cavity formation is observed. The cavity formation may be favored by sulphur surface segregation. Oxidation of NbAl ₃ at temperatures 1273 K initially leads to -Al ₂O₃,but the Al depletion causes the formation of Nb ₂ Al beneath the oxide layer. Cracking of the Al ₂O₃ layer opens Nb ₂ Al to the atmosphere, which oxidizes rapidly to Nb ₂O₅ and NbAlO₄.After consumption of the Nb ₂ Al, a layer of Al ₂O₃ formed again on the NbAl ₃ phase, but failure of the alumina and the fast growth of the other oxides occur as a repeated process. Thus, NbAl ₃ exhibited rapid linear oxidation kinetics. Multiphase alloys in the system Nb-Ni-Al generally behave better than NbAl ₃,and the low oxidation rates of -NiAl can be approached. In the temperature range below 1273 K, with a maximum at 1000 K, both NiAl and NbAl ₃ show the pest phenomenon, an intergranular disintegration. Preceding the disintegration, oxygen diffuses into the grain boundaries of the material and Al ₂O₃ is formed at the grain boundaries, beginning from the surface region. NiAl is susceptible only in a very limited range of oxygen pressures and temperatures, whereas NbAl ₃ is much more susceptible.     

Evolution of insoluble eutectic Si particles in anodic oxidation films during adipic-sulfuric acid anodizing processes of ZL114A aluminum alloys

The effects of insoluble eutectic Si particles on the growth of anodic oxide films on ZL114A aluminum alloy substrates were in-vestigated by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SE...     

合金元素对Cu-Te-Cr合金时效组织与性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子能谱(EDS)分析Cu-Te-Cr合金时效析出相的形貌与组成,研究合金元素对Cu-Te-Cr合金时效组织与性能的影响。结果表明,时效过程中Te、Cr以多元化合物或细小的单质Cr析出,合金的硬度明显升高,随时效温度的升高,Cr粒子长大,共格度降低;同时基体晶粒内,部分析出相重溶,使合金硬度下降;由于Cr和Te两种元素互不相溶,其交互作用生成CrxTey化合物,随着Te含量的增加,铸造过程中生成这种化合物越多,减少Cr元素在铜基体的固溶度,从而合金硬度下降,而导电率有所提高。     

The high-temperature corrosion behavior of Fe-Mo-Al alloys in H2/H2O/H2S mixed-gas environments

The corrosion behavior of 11 Fe-Mo-Al ternary alloys was studied over the temperature range 700–980°C in H₂/H₂O/H₂S mixed-gas environments. With the exception of Fe-10Mo-7Al, for which breakaway kinetics were observed at higher temperatures, all alloys followed the parabolic rate law, despite two-stage kinetics which were observed in some cases. A kinetics inversion was observed for alloys containing 7 wt.% Al between 700–800°C. The corrosion rates of Fe-20Mo and Fe-30Mo were found to be reduced by five orders of magnitude at all temperatures by the addition of 9.1 or higher wt.% aluminum. The scales formed on low-Al alloys (5 wt.% Al) were duplex, consisting of an outer layer of iron sulfide (with some dissolved Al) and a complex inner of Al_0.55Mo₂S₄, FeMo₂S₄, Fe_1.25Mo₆S_7.7, FeS, and uncorroded FeAl and Fe₃Mo₂. Platinum markers were always located at the interface between the inner and outer scales for the low-Al alloys, indicating that outer-scale growth was due mainly to outward diffusion of cations (Fe and Al), while the inner scale was formed primarily by the inward flux of sulfur anions. Alloys having intermediate Al contents (7 wt.%) formed scales that consisted of FeS and Al₂O₃. The amount of Al₂O₃ increased with increasing reaction temperature. The high-Al-content alloys (9.1 and 10 wt.%) formed only Al₂O₃ which was responsible for the reduction of the corrosion rates.     

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURES OF Al-Mg-Li-Zr ALLOYS-CONTAINING SILVER

ＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＡＬＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＡＮＤＭＩＣＲＯＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＳＯＦＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｌｉ－ＺｒＡＬＬＯＹＳ－ＣＯＮＴＡＩＮＩＮＧＳＩＬＶＥＲ￥Ｚｈａｎｇ，Ｓｉｑｉ；Ｙｉｎ，Ｚｈｉｍｉｎ；Ｓｈｅｎ，Ｊｉａｎ；Ｌｕ，Ｂｉｎ；Ｌｉａｎｇ，Ｙｉｎｇ（...     

稀土强化Pt-Pd-Rh合金针织催化网在硝酸生产常压炉中的应用研究

在H厂生产硝酸的2套机组4台氨氧化常压炉中用Pt-Rh或Pt-Pd-Rh针织催化网作实验,并将稀土强化Pt-Pd-Rh针织催化网与该2种催化网进行了应用比较.用化学分析、光谱定量、光电子能谱、扫描电镜等方法分析了样品的组成及状态.结果表明,优化配套的稀土强化Pt-Pd-Rh针织催化网转化效率高、吨酸铂耗低、使用寿命长,合金中Pt高温氧化轻微,Rh的表面氧化及富集减弱,催化效果明显.提出了氨氧化常压炉用铂合金针织催化网的配套措施.     

高温预析出对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金显微组织、强度和应力腐蚀抗力的影响

通过改变固溶条件 ,对Al Zn Mg Cu高强铝合金采用先高温后低温的两步固溶处理 (高温预析出 )来改善晶内和晶界的析出状态 ,研究了高温预析出对Al Zn Mg Cu铝合金的金相组织、强度和应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明 ,4 6 5℃高温预析出在保持较高强度和塑性的同时 ,可以改善合金的抗应力腐蚀性能