Improved performance of lateral GaN-based light emitting diodes with novel buried CBL structure in ITO film and reflective electrodes

In this letter, lateral GaN-based Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with a SiO₂ current blocking layer (CBL) buried in the indium tin oxide (ITO) film and highly reflective metal materials have been proposed. Compared with the conventional CBL structure which was inserted between ITO film and p-type GaN, simulation results showed that LEDs with a buried CBL in the ITO film effectively facilitated current spreading under the CBL. We demonstrated that buried CBL was beneficial for suppressing current crowding (CC) effect around the edge of CBL and may facilitate higher LED efficiency. Furthermore, experimental results showed that LEDs with the buried structure we proposed showed lower working voltage and higher light output power (LOP) compared with those with conventional CBL structure. These results further confirmed that the buried CBL scheme was effective to reduce current crowding (CC) effect. In addition, highly reflective metal materials of Cr/Al/Pt/Au were employed to reduce light absorption and achieve high light extraction efficiency.     

高电流密度膜极距电解装置运行经验

介绍湖北兴瑞化工有限公司第1期15万t/a离子膜法烧碱装置运行情况.在高电流密度下通过严格控制各项工艺指标及规范操作,可确保该装置长期稳定运行.     

容量法测定2-乙酰基-r-丁内酯中的水分

采用DL31型卡尔费休滴定仪对2-乙酰基-r-丁内酯的水分进行了测定，对仪器使用环境、极化电流、飘移值、进样时间、搅拌时间、称样量等影响因素进行了剖析，优化了仪器参数，确定了实验方法。     

水电站电动盘车启动电流的理论计算及问题处理

水轮发电机组轴线的测量与调整是机组总装完成后的一道关键性工序,机组轴线的测量与调整一般通过电动盘车来完成。工程中常采用经验公式来计算电动盘车时加入定转的电流值,多个电站的实践证明,运用经验公式计算出的启动电流与实际加入的电流偏差较多,而采用电磁学推导公式计算的启动电流与实际加入的电流值比较接近。详细阐述了电动盘车启动电流的计算过程和实际应用效果,同时,对电动盘车因不平衡磁拉力及剩磁现象对盘车带来的影响,进行了专项技术分析并采取了相应的解决措施。研制的对应措施在多个水电站得到了运用,经过长时间的运行,发现机组的振动、摆度均在允许的范围内且运行情况良好。研究中推导的电动盘车计算公式及相关问题的处理方式,对水电站轴线的调整有一定的参考和借鉴作用。     

Automatic measurement and warning of tension force reduction in a PT tendon using eddy current sensing

Post-tensioning (PT) using a bundle of pre-stressed strands is a critical process for assembling pre-fabricated and modularized bridge members. However, the tension force gradually diminishes over time due to such factors as corrosion, creep, and steel relaxation. Such changes compromise the overall safety of such structures. In this study, an eddy-current-based tension-force-loss warning (EC-TFLW) technique is proposed to detect and warn automatically of excessive loss of tension force in a PT tendon. A ring-type eddy-current sensor (ECS) is mounted on the outer surface of a wedge holding a tendon, and the level of eddy current measured by the ECS is related to the tension force of the tendon. The advantages of the proposed technique include: (1) low power consumption, (2) low cost, (3) simple installation, and (4) automated warning. The performance of the proposed EC-TFLW technique was validated experimentally in a full-scale lab test of a 3.3-m long, 15.2-mm diameter, mono-strand tendon that was tensioned using a universal testing machine (from 20 to 180 kN). Statistical hypothesis testing using the chi-square distribution was applied to the measured eddy current signals, and if the decline in tension exceeded a certain level, a warning was sent out automatically.     

A Flux‐Modulating Synchronous Machine with Permanent Magnet Excitation

This paper presents a novel type of flux‐modulating synchronous machine (FMSM) in which permanent magnets (PMs) are embedded in the stator back‐iron. The rotor has neither windings nor PMs. A prototype machine with an outer‐rotor configuration was designed and manufactured to validate the operating principle of the FMSM. The characteristics in the motor mode of the prototype machine were also investigated with a vector control system. The results of the investigations show that, as in surface‐mounted PM motors, the torque of the FMSM is predominantly generated by the PM flux and can be controlled using the armature current.     

High sensitivity rotating alternating current field measurement for arbitrary-angle underwater cracks

Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technology has been used for sizing underwater structure cracks. However, conventional ACFM is more sensitive to cracks perpendicular to the induced current than cracks with other angles. In this paper, a rotating alternating current field measurement (RACFM) method and underwater test system are present for the detection of arbitrary-angle cracks with high sensitivity. The RACFM is proved by simulations and experiments. Arbitrary-angle cracks detection results obtained from ACFM and RACFM have shown that the RACFM method overcomes the limitation of directional detection of ACFM and effectively achieves high detection sensitivity for arbitrary-angle cracks on underwater structures.     

Effect of alternating current on corrosion and effectiveness of cathodic protection of pipelines

Abstract

In the present work, the alternating current (AC) induced corrosion of a cathodically protected X65 pipeline steel was studied in a neutral, extracted soil solution and a high pH, carbonate/bicarbonate solution by electrochemical and weight loss measurements, and surface characterisation. It was found that AC corrosion causes the alkalisation of the soil environment in the vicinity of pipeline no matter what the cathodic protection (CP) condition is. The degree of alkalisation depends on the AC current density. In the absence of AC interference or at a low AC current density, i.e. 20 A m^?2, a CP potential of ?950 mV versus Cu/CuSO₄ electrode provides a full protection over the steel. When the AC current density is >20 A m^?2, a new CP standard is recommended to avoid AC corrosion of pipelines.

Dans le présent travail, on a étudié la corrosion induite par le courant alternatif (AC) d’un acier X65 pour pipeline avec protection cathodique, dans une solution neutre d’extrait de sol et dans une solution de carbonate/bicarbonate à pH élevé, au moyen de mesures électrochimiques et de perte de poids ainsi que de la caractérisation de la surface. On a trouvé que la corrosion AC avait pour résultat l’alcalisation de l’environnement du sol au voisinage du pipeline, peu importe la condition de protection cathodique (CP). Le degré d’alcalisation dépend de la densité de courant AC. En l’absence d’interférence AC ou à une faible densité de courant AC, soit 20 A/m², un potentiel de CP de 2950 mV par rapport à l’électrode Cu/CuSO₄ protège complètement l’acier. Lorsque la densité de courant AC est plus élevée que 20 A/m², on recommande une nouvelle norme de CP pour éviter la corrosion AC des pipelines.     

长距离输电线路潜供电弧弧根跳跃与弧长剧变的物理机制与仿真

建立了长距离输电线路潜供电弧物理模拟实验平台,使用高速摄像仪拍摄潜供电弧的运动发展过程。实验发现,潜供电弧阳极弧根存在明显的跳跃现象,且潜供电弧运动过程中电弧长度经常出现暂时变短的现象,在电弧熄灭前的瞬间,电弧长度会急剧上升。为明晰引起上述现象的内在作用机制,建立了链式电弧模型,对长距离输电线路潜供电弧进行仿真分析,结果表明弧根跳跃与热浮力和电极结构密切相关,电极结构水平时潜供电弧弧根跳跃次数明显减少,更有利于电弧的疏导与熄灭。电弧长度暂时变短是由弧柱间短路引起的,而熄灭前潜供电流突然增大引起弧长的剧变。进一步研究了潜供电弧燃弧时间与风力之间的关系,风速较大时,风载荷在电弧受力中占主导作用,燃弧时间分散性较小。仿真还发现导线互相垂直时潜供电弧运动更为剧烈复杂,电弧更容易熄灭。