Characteristics of hydrogen evolution and oxidation catalyzed by Desulfovibrio caledoniensis biofilm on pyrolytic graphite electrode

Hydrogenase, an important electroactive enzyme of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), has been discovered having the capacity to connect its activity to solid electrodes by catalyzing hydrogen evolution and oxidation. However, little attention has been paid to similar electroactive characteristics of SRB. In this study, the electroactivities of pyrolytic graphite electrode (PGE) coated with SRB biofilm were investigated. Two corresponding redox peaks were observed by cyclic voltammetry detection, which were related to the hydrogen evolution and oxidation. Moreover, the overpotential for the reactions decreased by about 0.2 V in the presence of the SRB biofilm. When the PGE coated with the SRB biofilm was polarized at 0.24 V (vs. SHE), an oxidation current related to the hydrogen oxidation was found. The SRB biofilm was able to obtain electrons from the −0.61 V (vs. SHE) polarized PGE to form hydrogen, and the electron transfer resistance also decreased with the formation of SRB biofilm, as measured by the non-destructive electrochemical impendence spectroscopy detection. It was concluded that the hydrogen evolution and oxidation was an important way for the electron transfer between SRB biofilm and solid electrode in anaerobic environment.     

一株秸秆纤维素降解菌株的筛选及其降解特性

纤维素是自然界一种最重要的可再生资源,从玉米地土壤中分离出1株产纤维素酶能力较强的菌株J-N3.以羧甲基纤维素为唯一碳源的分离培养基和刚果红染色法进行初筛,再将筛选到的菌株进行液体发酵培养并测定酶活.结合形态学特征与分子生物学鉴定结果得知,菌株J-N3为芽孢杆菌属(Bacil-lus).并对其酶学性质进行初步研究,得到...     

游离氨对活性污泥系统中硝化性能和硝化群落结构的影响

建立了4个平行的SBR处理合成废水,游离氨(FA)浓度分别为0.5、5、10、15 mg/L,命名为S0.5、S5、S10和S15,4个系统的脱氮性能在整个实验过程中均很好(平均值为98.7％),利用FA对亚硝酸氧化细菌(NOB)的抑制作用,结合过程控制,成功在S10和S15系统中实现短程硝化.在建立短程硝化途径的过程...     

酸乳制品中乳酸菌分离筛选方法研究

将保加利亚乳酸杆菌和嗜热链球菌在七种固体培养基中的生长情况进行比较，结果表明，酸化ＭＲＳ和Ｍ１７培养基分别是该两菌的较好的分离培养基。菌种的筛选应进行产酸风味和组织状态的综合比较，两菌不同组合菌株的选择应结合不同发酵条件进行。通过该方法分离筛选到不同风味类型的两组混菌。     

蜡状芽孢杆菌的筛选及其产氢性能

为了研究纯菌种对产氢的影响,从污水厂活性污泥中分离了纯的产氢菌种XN12,根据16S rDNA序列和DnaJ基因序列、细胞形态、生理生化数据等多项鉴定分析,该菌种被鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus).为了研究该纯菌的产氢性能,实验以葡萄糖为底物,在不同pH值条件下观察其产气情况.实验结果表明:以每摩尔葡萄糖计,该菌在中性条件下获得最大产氢量为1.6 mol.对反应的液相产物的检验结果表明:该菌为丁酸发酵菌,通过丙酮酸代谢途径产出氢气.     

In situ restoration of the surface defects on cement-based materials by bacteria mineralization with spraying method

Defects of cement-based materials can be restored by microbial carbonate precipitation, but in order to accelerate the completion of the mineralization process, previous studies all adopt the approach of immersion in bacterial liquid, which can not be applied for in situ repair. We investigated micro-environment, basophil-domestication of microorganism and effective absorption of micro-organisms by cement-based materials, and adopted spray technology to conduct in situ repairs on the defects on the surface of cement-based materials and enhance the repair process operability. Through microbial carbonate precipitation in the defects by spraying bacteria liquid, 100 μm thickness of calcium carbonate fi lm can be deposited on sample surface and in defects holes' microenvironment within 3 to 5 days. The capillary water absorption coeffi cient of specimen surface is 77% lower than the value before repair. The repairing effect is remarkable which makes it possible to conduct on-site repairs.     

苹果梨醋发酵过程中醋酸发酵条件的优化

以甲酚紫培养基中加入乙醇作为分离培养基,从5种水果样品中分离得到20种醋酸菌,然后通过产酸量的测定,筛选出了一株产醋酸度高的醋酸菌AAB13.探讨了乙醇浓度、菌株接种量、发酵液有效体积对醋酸发酵的影响,并在优化的条件下制备了苹果梨醋.     

Properties of Magnetite Nanoparticles Produced by Magnetotactic Bacteria

The magnetic nanoparticles(magnetite) were prepared through the fermentation of the Magnetospirillum strain WM-1 newly isolated by our group. The samples were characterized by TEM, SAED, XRD, rock magnetic analysis, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. TEM and SAED measurements showed that the magnetosomes formed by strain WM-1 were single crystallites of high perfection with a cubic spinel structure of magnetite. X-ray measurements also fitted very well with standard Fe3O4 reflections with an inverse spinel structure of the magnetite core. The size of crystal as calculated by the Debye-Scherrer's equation was approximately 55 nm. Rock magnetic analysis showed WM-1 synthesized single-domain magnetite magnetosomes, which were arranged in the form of linear chain. The high delta ratio((δFC / δZFC = 4) supported the criteria of Moskowitz test that there were intact magnetosomes chains in cells. The Verwey transition occurred at 105 K that closed to stoochiometric magnetite in composition. These observations provided useful insights into the biomineralization of magnetosomes and properties of M. WM-1 and potential application of biogenic magnetite in biomaterials and biomagnetism.     

Second-Generation Meridianin Analogues Inhibit the Formation of Mycobacterium smegmatis Biofilms and Sensitize Polymyxin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria to Colistin

Drug-resistant bacteria are rapidly becoming a significant problem across the globe. One element that factors into this crisis is the role played by bacterial biofilms in the recalcitrance of some infections to the effects of conventional antibiotics. Bacteria within a biofilm are highly tolerant of both antibiotic treatment and host immune responses. Biofilms are implicated in many chronic infections, including tuberculosis, in which they can act as bacterial reservoirs, requiring an arduous antibiotic regimen to eradicate the infection. A separate, compounding problem is that antibiotics once seen as last-resort drugs, such as the polymyxin colistin, are now seeing more frequent usage as resistance to front-line drugs in Gram-negative bacteria becomes more prevalent. The increased use of such antibiotics inevitably leads to an increased frequency of resistance. Drugs that inhibit biofilms and/or act as adjuvants to overcome resistance to existing antibiotics will potentially be an important component of future approaches to antibacterial treatment. We have previously demonstrated that analogues of the meridianin natural product family possess adjuvant and antibiofilm activities. In this study, we explore structural variation of the lead molecule from previous studies, and identify compounds showing both improved biofilm inhibition potency and synergy with colistin.