暂态能量校正和临界群识别：三论暂态能量函数直接法

当前流行的直接法都采用了基于两群模式的暂态能量函数,认为多机系统的暂态稳定性仅取决于该特定扰动下的两个互补机群间的相对运动,并据此对群内的能量进行了校正。显然,校正中的不一致性将会引入误差。另一方面,群际能量并不是封闭的,它和群内能量之间的互相转换是这类直接法的又一个重要误差源。当同一群内的各机动态响应相差甚远时,这种情况可能变得十分严峻。本文综合分析了暂态能量的校正问题,并介绍了在保持EEAC言简意赅特点的前提下尽量减少此类误差方面所取得的最新成果。 在所有针对群内动能或势能进行校正的直接法中,临界群和余下群的速度或功角对暂态能量的作用是相反的。正确识别临界群是直接法成功的基本前提,而有效地推荐候选的临界群,使需要试探的候选群数目尽量减少则关系到直接法的速度优势。这个长期困扰着直接法的问题最近也被出色地解决了。本文对有关的成果和下一步需要解决的问题进行了讨论。     

Critical thinking in E-learning environments

One of the primary aims of higher education in today’s information technology enabled classroom is to make students more active in the learning process. The intended outcome of this increased IT-facilitated student engagement is to foster important skills such as critical thinking used in both academia and workplace environments. Critical thinking (CT) skills entails the ability(ies) of mental processes of discernment, analysis and evaluation to achieve a logical understanding. Critical thinking in the classroom as well as in the workplace is a central theme; however, with the dramatic increase of IT usage the mechanisms by which critical thinking is fostered and used has changed. This article presents the work and results of critical thinking in a virtual learning environment. We therefore present a web-based course and we assess in which parts of the course, and to what extent, critical thinking was perceived to occur. The course contained two categories of learning modules namely resources and interactive components. Critical thinking was measured subjectively using the ART scale. Results indicate the significance of “interactivity” in what students perceived to be critical-thinking-oriented versus online material as a resource. Results and opportunities that virtual environments present to foster critical thinking are discussed.     

Evaluation of acoustic beacon characteristics for navigation tasks

The goal of the present study was to investigate the human factors issues related to acoustic beacons used for auditory navigation. Specific issues addressed were: (1) the effect of various beacon characteristics on human accuracy in turning toward the direction of the acoustic beacon; (2) the difference between real and virtual environments on human accuracy in turning toward the acoustic beacon; and (3) the perceived sound quality of various acoustic beacons. Three experiments were conducted in which acoustic beacons were presented in a background of 80 dBA pink noise. Results of the localization tasks revealed that (a) presentation mode (continuous versus pulsed beacon sound) did not affect the overall localization accuracy or number of front-back confusion errors; and (b) the type of acoustic beacon affected the size of localization error. Results of the sound quality assessment indicated that listeners had definite preferences regarding the type of sound being used as a beacon, with (a) non-speech beacons preferred over speech beacons, (b) a beacon repetition rate of 1.1 rps preferred over either the 0.7 or 2.5 rps rates, and (c) a continuous operation of a beacon preferred over a pulsed operation. Finally, sound quality ratings and localization errors were highly negatively correlated. This finding demonstrates the usefulness and practical values of sound quality judgements for audio display design and evaluation.     

安福县水资源可持续利用对策探讨

本文分析了江西省安福县水资源开发利用现状及存在的问题,提出了水资源可持续利用与发展的主要对策,旨在实现水资源的可持续利用支撑县域经济社会的可持续发展.     

Expert systems in ergonomics: requirements and an approach

Abstract

Industry currently fails to derive maximum benefit from ergonomics. This is mainly due to an imbalance between the large amount of ergonomie knowledge available and the limited amount actually applied. The use of the methodology of expert systems in ergonomics is one possibility for reducing this imbalance. This paper presents basic requirements for the development of expert systems. The particular requirements for the application of expert systems in ergonomics are also derived. Finally, the stage of development of an expert system for assessing lifting and carrying tasks is presented, and practical examples for the application of the system are discussed.     

东北地区冬季气温对海温异常响应的研究

利用HadISST OI海温和中国东北地区92站逐日气温资料,使用广义平衡反馈分析方法(GEFA)结合EOF分析方法(GEFA-EOF)研究了近50 a中国东北地区冬季气温对海表温度异常(SSTA)的响应.结果表明:对于热带和北半球中纬度5个海盆来说,东北地区冬季气温异常与同期热带大西洋和北大西洋海温异常有密切关系,与其他海盆关系不显著;热带大西洋的"正—负—正"三极型模态(TA3)以及北大西洋纬向上"正—负—正"三极型模态(NA3)分别对东北地区冬季气温的异常偏低和偏高有显著的强迫作用,且对北部地区的强迫作用大于南部地区.热带大西洋和北大西洋对东北地区冬季气温异常影响的可能途径为:热带大西洋TA3模态通过在北半球激发的"正—负—正"的遥相关波列,致使东亚大槽移至贝加尔湖地区,有利于极地冷空气南下至东北地区,导致该地区的冷冬;北大西洋的"正—负—正"三极型模态(NA3)直接响应使得东亚大槽减弱消失,极地冷空气南下受阻,导致该地区冬季气温异常偏高.     

对石油钻井队正职干部的考核工作初探

科学考核和评价干部,是激励干部创先争优,推进企业绩效持续提升、不断跨越的有效途径,是加强干部队伍建设的基础性工作。胜利油田渤海钻井一公司党委对井队正职的分类量化考核进行大胆探索,制定了《钻井队正职干部综合考评规定(暂行)》,建立健全了井队正职干部能上能下的岗位管理机制,形成创先争优的良好氛围,推进"人才强企"战略实现跨越式发展。     

田湾核电厂核事故场外后果评价系统简介

本文介绍江苏田湾核电厂核事故场外后果评价系统(TW-NAOCAS)的概况。该系统软件包括操作管理子系统,数据传输、气象数据预处理与风场诊断模块,风场预测模块,大气弥散模块和剂量估算与干预措施模块。TW-NAOCAS系统能在30 min内给出评价区(近区为20×20 km2、空间分辨率500 m,远区为80×80 km2、、空间分辨率4 km)的风场以及设计基准事故(DBA)和超设计基准事故(BDBA)释放的69种核素在各网格的浓度、预期剂量、隐蔽与撤离的可避免剂量及其区域等信息。文中简述了主要物理模块的计算模式,最后介绍了风场预测、大气扩散与剂量估算三个模块及例题的测试结果。     

数据挖掘在桥梁健康监测智能评估系统中的应用

本文从桥梁健康监测智能评估系统和数据挖掘的概念出发,根据桥梁健康监测智能评估系统数据的特点说明了采用数据挖掘的必要性和优越性。然后探讨了数据挖掘的几种常用技术-人工神经网络、决策树、近邻方法、遗传算法在桥梁健康监测智能评估系统的使用。     

我国室内空气质量与评价方法研究进展

当前我国室内空气污染十分严重，只有通过室内空气质量评价才能够了解室内环境污染水平和对健康的可能影响，并针对性地提出控制措施。本文介绍了室内空气质量和室内空气污染的定义、由来、研究对象以及相关内容，综合分析了室内空气质量的影响因素，并比较了我国与国外室内环境研究的状况、IAQ标准、IAQ评价指标研究的进展情况，同时提出了我国IAQ对策。