核事故后果评价中剂量与干预评估模式初探

本文以田湾核电站事故场外后果评价系统TW-NAOCAS中的剂量与干预模块为例,介绍核事故后果评价中的剂量与早期干预评估模式及一个算例.剂量估算模式主要给出估算潜在剂量、正常生活剂量与事故释放后2天的预期剂量的模式;干预措施评估模式主要涉及相应于设计基准事故(DBA)与超设计基准事故(BDBA)的各类干预措施(隐蔽2天、撤离7天、服碘片)的可避免剂量的估算模式,此中考虑了撤离途径的附加剂量.最后介绍了程序验证与实例计算结果.     

Comparative LCA of methanol-fuelled SOFCs as auxiliary power systems on-board ships

Fuel cells own the potential for significant environmental improvements both in terms of air quality and climate protection. Through the use of renewable primary energies, local pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions can be significantly minimized over the full life cycle of the electricity generation process, so that marine industry accounts renewable energy as its future energy source. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the use of methanol in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), as auxiliary power systems for commercial vessels, through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The LCA methodology allows the assessment of the potential environmental impact along the whole life cycle of the process. The unit considered is a 20 kWel fuel cell system. In a first part of the study different fuel options have been compared (methanol, bio-methanol, natural gas, hydrogen from cracking, electrolysis and reforming), then the operation of the cell fed with methanol has been compared with the traditional auxiliary power system, i.e. a diesel engine. The environmental benefits of the use of fuel cells have been assessed considering different impact categories. The results of the analysis show that fuel production phase has a strong influence on the life cycle impacts and highlight that feeding with bio-methanol represents a highly attractive solution from a life cycle point of view. The comparison with the conventional auxiliary power system shows extremely lower impacts for SOFCs.     

关于矿业权市场和矿业权评估中几个问题的探讨

针对我国现阶段矿业权市场存在的问题，提出了要加强对矿产资源有偿使用的认识，加强矿产资源保护和开发利用的规划，建议尽快废除矿业权出让的双轨制，建立公开、公正、公平的矿业权市场；结合具体事例，针对矿业权评估中的生产规模和服务年限对采矿权价款的影响、矿业权出让中政策倾斜等有关问题进行了探讨。     

The Territorial Impact Assessment of transport: the case of the Egnatia motorway system in the cohesion potential of Southeast Europe

Territorial Impact Assessment (TIA) is proposed as a critical tool in order to investigate the way policies affect spatial development and hence territorial cohesion. The paper introduces a TIA methodological model in relation to transport sector. The design of the methodological model is based on a quantitative evaluation framework that comprises a set of selected indicators applied in a cross-border area of southeast Europe, influenced by the operation of the Greek motorway system of Egnatia and its vertical axes. The indicators are grouped into three main fields of TIA, i.e. transport intermodality, polycentric spatial organization and cross-border territorial cooperation. The TIA’s indicators are approximated by quantitative analysis. The procedure concludes to an overall composite indicator measuring the ‘level of territorial cohesion’ along with some core results and the expected added value. It also highlights some key technical aspects about the routines used and proceeds to suggestions for further refinement.     

A PV installation framework concerning electricity variable rates

This paper assesses building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) installation parameters based on the profit generated by a photovoltaic system. It takes into consideration a home building case study and it investigates its monthly energy demand based on a specific location and a typical occupancy. The capability of a photovoltaic (PV) system to generate more profit occurs when solar intensity is maximum while the electric energy price is at its highest rate. The paper traces a framework that encompasses different aspects such as energy demand, energy price, and solar intensity. This framework identifies profit alternatives according to different installation parameters. A tool that predicts a PV installation hourly electric energy production is developed. The profit generated is simulated for home buildings located in Beirut (Lebanon) and Xihua (China), both at 33.8° latitude north. The paper highlights a new approach for BIPV installations, taking into account weather conditions, energy demand, and electric energy utility rates.     

ICRP1990年建议书关于辐射危险评估的新进展

本文介绍了ICRP1990年建议书附件C的主要内容,着重阐述危险的概念,描述辐射照射引起的各种潜在危险的量,一次和长期照射条件下不同年龄时危险的增量及文中用多属性方法来选择工作人员或公众个体的剂量限值。     

地理信息系统在核电站事故场外后果预测评价系统中的应用

广东省核电站核事故场外后果预测评价系统（GNARD）以地理信息系统（GIS）ArcView为开发平台，系统实现了放射性核素浓度和剂量结果与地理信息的空间分析，本文结合GNARD的开发过程，着重介绍地理信息系统ArcView在核电站事故场外应急决策支持系统中的具体应用与实现方法。     

Evaluation of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of Chinese EIA in Myanmar: Myitsone Dam,the Lappadaung Copper Mine and the Sino-Myanmar oil and gas pipelines

The economic relationship between China and Myanmar is regarded as a win–win cooperation. However, Chinese investments, especially in extractive and natural resource sectors, are associated with a number of unwanted environmental consequences. Moreover, the environmental impact assessment (EIA) quality of Chinese enterprises has often been criticized. EIA identifies adverse impacts to the environment through evidence-based decision making. On this basis, this paper provides an evaluation of Chinese EIA performance within the natural resources sector through a structured review of 15 environmental impact statements (EISs). This research also evaluates the EISs of the three largest and most controversial projects, the Myitsone Hydropower Dam, Lappadaung Copper Mine and Sino-Myanmar oil and gas pipelines. The findings reveal several omissions, inadequacies and deficiencies in all the projects with a significant number of EISs falling short of satisfactory quality. Through the analysis, the paper summarizes the factors affecting the EIA performance and proposes feasible recommendations to improve EIA practices in Chinese development projects in Myanmar.     

棉织品生态设计的研究

为了改善我国现有棉织品的环境特性,提出对棉织品进行生态设计的方案。基于产品生态设计的原则和棉织品的环境特性,将生态产品设计过程分为生态原料的设计、生态工艺设计、生态销售设计、生态使用设计、生态处理设计,并对生态设计后的棉织品重新进行生命周期评价,与现有棉织品的环境影响负荷进行分析对比。认为:在对棉织品进行生态设计后,其对环境的影响显著降低,并建议将环境影响负荷指标EIL=0.484作为衡量棉织品是否环保的一个指标。     

不同筛查工具对老年肿瘤患者营养筛查的比较

目的：探讨在老年肿瘤患者中合理选择营养风险筛查工具,以便及时实施营养干预,改善由于营养因素所导致的不良临床结局。方法：对130例老年肿瘤患者应用微型营养评价精法（MNA-SF）和患者主观全面评价法（PG-SGA）进行营养筛查,以白蛋白和前白蛋白为标准评定上述工具的灵敏度、特异度。结果：以白蛋白为参考标准,MNA-SF、PG-SGA的灵敏度分别为55.7%、68.3%,特异度分别为45.1%、89.7%。以前白蛋白为参考标准,MNA-SF、PG-SG的灵敏度分别为67.1%、75.2%,特异度分别为51.0%、93.1%。结论：PG-SGA考虑到多个影响营养的复杂问题,使评价结果更接近于肿瘤患者的实际营养状况。较之MNA-SF,PG-SGA更适用于老年肿瘤患者,值得推广。