Sufficient Utilization of Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+ Redox in NASICON Phosphate Cathodes towards High-Energy Na-Ions Batteries

Na superionic conductor of Na₃MnTi(PO₄)₃ only containing high earth-abundance elements is regarded as one of the most promising cathodes for the applicable Na-ion batteries due to its desirable cycling stability and high safety. However, the voltage hysteresis caused by Mn²⁺ ions resided in Na⁺ vacancies has led to significant capacity loss associated with Mn reaction centers between 2.5–4.2 V. Herein, the sodium excess strategy based on charge compensation is applied to suppress the undesirable voltage hysteresis, thereby achieving sufficient utilization of the Mn²⁺/Mn³⁺ and Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ redox couples. These findings indicate that the sodium excess Na_3.5MnTi_0.5Ti_0.5(PO₄)₃ cathode with Ti⁴⁺ reduction has a lowest Mn²⁺ occupation on the Na⁺ vacancies in its initial composition, which can improve the kinetics properties, finally contributing to a suppressed voltage hysteresis. Based on these findings, it is further applied the sodium excess route on a Mn-richer phosphate cathode, which enables the suppressed voltage hysteresis and more reversible capacity. Consequently, this developed Na_3.6Mn_1.15Ti_0.85(PO₄)₃ cathode achieved a high energy density over 380 Wh kg⁻¹ (based on active substance mass of cathode) in full-cell configurations, which is not only superior to most of the phosphate cathodes, but also delivers more application potential than the typical oxides cathodes for Na-ion batteries.     

Collective Surface Enabling an Ultralong Life of LiCoO2 at High Voltage and Elevated Temperature

Rapidly increasing demand for energy density in consumer electronics is eager for developing high-voltage LiCoO₂ (LCO). However, some great challenges such as severe phase transition and surface instability negate the cycle life of LCO operated at high-voltages (≥4.6 V). Herein, a chemical reconstruction strategy is proposed to form a collective surface of LCO through an interdiffusion reaction of MgHPO₄·3H₂O (MP) so as to extend the cycle life of high-voltage LCO. The collective surface renders a three-layer configuration that demonstrates an amorphous Li₃PO₄ outmost layer, a spinel-like layer beneath, and a Mg diffusion layer within LCO bulk. MP with relatively low hardness enables the uniform precoating via mechanical mixing, followed by a sintering process to undergo an interdiffusion reaction. Li₃PO₄ is an intrinsic electrochemical stabilizer against interfacial side reactions. The spinel-like compounds build a high-voltage-stable surface against irreversible O₂ release. In addition, Mg diffuses into the bulk lattice to suppress irreversible phase transition during the deep delithiation of LCO. Therefore, such modified LCO with a collective surface exhibits ultralong life with capacity retention of 82% after 1000 cycles at 1 C within 3.0–4.6 V and stable operating at 4.7 V or elevated temperature (45 °C).     

Smart Hybrids of Zn2GeO4 Nanoparticles and Ultrathin g‐C3N4 Layers: Synergistic Lithium Storage and Excellent Electrochemical Performance

Smart hybrids of Zn₂GeO₄ nanoparticles and ultrathin g‐C₃N₄ layers (Zn₂GeO₄/g‐C₃N₄ hybrids) are realized by a facile solution approach, where g‐C₃N₄ layers act as an effective substrate for the nucleation and subsequent in situ growth of Zn₂GeO₄ nanoparticles. A synergistic effect is demonstrated on the two building blocks of Zn₂GeO₄/g‐C₃N₄ hybrids for lithium storage: Zn₂GeO₄ nanoparticles contribute high capacity and serve as spacers to isolate the ultrathin g‐C₃N₄ layers from restacking, resulting in expanded interlayer and exposed vacancies with doubly bonded nitrogen for extra Li‐ion storage and diffusion pathway; 2D g‐C₃N₄ layers, in turn, minimize the strain of particles expansion and prevent the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase, leading to highly reversible lithium storage. Benefiting from the remarkable synergy, the Zn₂GeO₄/g‐C₃N₄ hybrids exhibit highly reversible capacity of 1370 mA h g^?1 at 200 mA g^?1 after 140 cycles and excellent rate capability of 950 mA h g^?1 at 2000 mA g^?1. The synergistic effect originating from the hybrids brings out excellent electrochemical performance, and thus casts new light on the development of high‐energy and high‐power anode materials.     

1-氯-1,1-二硝基-2-(N-氯脒基)乙烷的合成、表征和晶体结构

采用高锰酸钾/盐酸体系氧化氨基的方法获得了1-氯-1,1-二硝基-2-(N-氯脒基)乙烷,收率为70%,用核磁、红外、质谱、元素分析等方法对该产物进行了结构表征.以二氯甲烷为溶剂制备出了其单晶,用X射线单晶衍射仪测定了晶体结构.结果表明,该化合物的分子式为C2H2Cl2N4O4,相对分子质量为216.98,该晶体为正交...     

壳体厚度对TNT炸药快速烤燃响应的影响

采用自行设计的快速烤燃试验方法,测试厚度为2,4,6 mm梯恩梯(TNT)装药壳体的响应状态,结合TNT的高压差示扫描量热(PDSC)分解特性,研究了厚度对炸药装药响应的影响.结果表明:在快速烤燃试验条件下,壳体厚度由2-6 mm变化时,TNT炸药均为爆炸反应等级;壳体厚度变化对TNT炸药响应等级没有显著影响,但炸药装...     

细颗粒LLM-105的制备及其热性能

采用溶剂-非溶剂重结晶技术制备了类球形和立方体结构两种不同晶形的细颗粒2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物(LLM-105),重均平均粒径D50分别为2.750 μm和6.206 μm,撞击感度为35.5 cm和34.7 cm.采用热重-微商热重(TG-DTG)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对LLM-105进行了...     

超临界RESS法包覆超细RDX工艺

采用超临界流体RESS法对超细黑索今(RDX)进行了包覆,研究了不同系统温度、溶液浓度、系统压力对包覆后超细RDX造型粉效果的影响,并对其进行撞击感度测试.结果表明,系统温度45℃以上,造型粉颗粒之间氟橡胶粘结在一起,分散性较差;氟橡胶浓度0.4 g/mL以上,其造型粉颗粒尺寸增大;系统压力降低到1 2 MPa以下,颗...     

橡胶基软磁复合薄膜压磁效应及机理研究

以Fe78Si9B13非晶粉体为磁性增强材料,以丁基橡胶为基体,利用模压成型法制备软磁复合薄膜,并测试其压磁效应。结果表明,在频率较低时,复合薄膜具有优良的压磁特性;复合薄膜的阻抗随着频率的升高、压应力的增大以及粉体含量的增多而减小;阻抗变化幅度随着压应力的增大而增大,随着频率的升高而减小,随着粉体含量的增多呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。用电阻与电容串联模型对复合薄膜的压磁效应进行理论分析,所得结论与实验结果相吻合。     

Removal of Interlayer Water of two Ti3C2Tx MXenes as a Versatile Tool for Controlling the Fermi-Level Pinning-Free Schottky Diodes with Nb:SrTiO3

Striving for the sixth-generation communication technology discovery, semiconductors beyond Si with wider bandgaps as well as non-conventional metals are actively being sought to achieve high speeds whilst maintaining devices miniaturization. 2D materials may provide the potential for downsizing, but their functional advantage over existing counterparts still longs to be discovered. Along that path, surface-adsorbed or bulk-intercalated water molecules remaining after wet-chemical synthesis of 2D materials are generally seen as obstacles to high-performance achievement. Herein, the control of such water within the interlayers of solution-processed metallic 2D titanium carbide (MXene) by vacuum annealing duration is demonstrated. Moreover, the impact of water removal on work function (WF) and functional terminations is unveiled for the first time. Furthermore, the usefulness of such water for controlling a novel Schottky diode in contact with an n-type oxide semiconductor, niobium-doped strontium titanate (Nb:SrTiO₃) is observed. The advantage of MXene compared to conventional gold as facile processing, WF tunability, and lower turn-on voltage in the Schottky anode application is highlighted. This fundamental study shows the way for a novel Schottky diode preparation in atmospheric conditions and provides implications for further research directions aiming at commercialization.