基于SVM的充填体强度与采场稳定性需求智能匹配研究

为解决矿山充填体强度的设计问题,提高矿山充填体的强度动态调整能力,本文通过调查国内百座矿山现场充填体强度实际数据,采用SVM方法建立充填体强度智能预测模型,对70组训练样本数据进行训练,采用BP神经网络模型与SVM模型的预测结果进行比较。结果表明：SVM预测模型的最大误差为3.52%,平均误差为2.41%。BP预测模型的最大误差为10.98%,平均误差为7.01%。SVM模型比BP模型预测精度更高,误差更小。采用SVM模型对三山岛金矿充填体强度进行预测,一步骤回采矿房充填体强度1.02MPa,推荐灰砂比1:12,二步骤回采矿房充填体强度0.86MPa,推荐灰砂比1:16。现场采场充填效果良好,未发生充填体失稳现象。基于SVM的充填体强度智能匹配模型能够在满足采场稳定性的前提下,减少充填成本,提高矿山的经济效益。     

不同灰砂比充填体侧限固结压缩试验研究

充填体在采场内由于被围岩包围,其力学性能与实验室单轴压缩条件下不同。为了研究采场充填体的力学性能及规律,提出了不同灰砂比充填体在侧限约束条件下的分级单轴压缩固结试验,分级压力为1kN(0.2 MPa)、2kN(0.4 MPa)、4kN(0.8 MPa)、8kN(1.6 MPa)、16kN(3.2 MPa)、32kN(6.4MPa)、64kN(12.8MPa)、128kN(25.6MPa)。试验结果表明:随着固结压力的增大,充填体压缩量呈线性增加,灰砂比对充填体压缩量影响不明显;固结应力与压缩率呈二次函数曲线关系;固结前后充填体的单轴抗压强度增加明显,28d龄期强度值增加幅度达24%以上。最后,采用SEM对充填体固结强化机理进行了分析。     

绿色矿山经济效益核算理论与实证：以矿井充填开采技术为例

“双碳”目标背景下,如何加快推进绿色矿山建设是实现我国矿业转型升级与绿色发展、构建矿业新格局的关键。绿色矿山建设是一项复杂的系统工程,由于在勘察阶段、开发阶段、关闭阶段的资金投入巨大,加之矿山企业对绿色矿山内涵理解存在偏差、创建动力不足,使得我国绿色矿业体系的建设阻力很难消解。本文以微观企业为视角,依托于经济学生产函数和“成本-收益”情景分析,构建了基于“成本-收益”因子的绿色矿山经济效益核算方法,并以河北邢台矿区矸石充填开采技术为例,开展了绿色矿山经济效益核算的实证研究。研究结果表明,将2003—2021年间邢东煤矿矿产资源开发利用过程中的生态影响、社会影响,以及技术创新带来的产量增量同时纳入到绿色矿山经济效益“成本-收益”核算体系中,发现采用绿色开采方式——充填开采技术给企业额外带来的经济效益达24.61亿元,占矿山企业近20年综合收益的23%。本文研究对矿业绿色发展的路径选择和绿色矿业内生动力的深入挖掘提供理论与方法参考。     

破碎矿体下向进路胶结充填人工假顶强度需求研究

下向进路胶结充填采矿中进路顶板的稳定性主要取决于假顶层的强度.以三山岛金矿极破碎矿体为研究对象,根据下向进路人工假顶层充填体的受力特征,采用弹性力学-梁模型与弹性力学-薄板模型分别计算下向进路胶结充填假顶层强度需求.在考虑安全系数的基础上,结合经验图表法与典型矿山类比法,综合推荐下向进路假顶层胶结充填体强度,为矿山人工...     

壁后注浆固结技术在破碎岩体中施工主水仓的应用

贵州开磷集团沙坝土矿矿山的主要岩体为红页岩,遇水易弱化崩解.针对红页岩的工程特性,运用壁后注浆固结技术成功地解决了主水仓长期稳定和防治水的难题.介绍了该矿主水仓壁后注浆的施工方案、工艺及注浆效果的检验.     

牺牲阳极埋土环境的重要性

北滩油库输油管道的镁阳极使用6年后,北京一条液化气管道镁阳极埋于菜地使用14年后,都仍能输出相当大的保护电流;与之相反,埋于土壤不那么潮湿的野草地里的镁阳极只能输出小得多的电流。锌阳极的情况与镁阳极相似,这说明把带填料的牺牲阳极埋于持久潮湿的土壤里,才能长期正确运行。     

Model test assessment of the generation of underground cavities and ground cave-ins by damaged sewer pipes

Ground cave-ins caused by damaged sewer pipes have been frequently reported in metropolitan areas and have caused severe socioeconomic losses. In this study, model experiments were conducted to determine how damaged sewer pipes generate ground cave-ins or cavities, with a focus on the influence of the soil type and density. Digital images of the model ground were captured to evaluate the internal deformation of the model grounds. Additionally, the vertical displacement at the surface, the size of the cavity, and the weight of the discharged soil were measured in each test. The results indicate that uniform soil with no fines content was more vulnerable to ground cavities than well-graded soil with fines content. Loose soil led to a ground cave-in with significant deformation over the entire model ground, whereas deformation was concentrated only on the ground cavities in the dense soil ground.     

PCCP在扬州第五水厂输水管道工程中的应用

扬州第五水厂输水管道采用预应力钢简混凝土管（PCCP）。文中简单介绍了工程的特点、明挖沟槽安装PCCP的施工方法及注意事项,以供其他类似工程借鉴。     

Seismic motion response and fragility analyses of cantilever retaining walls with cohesive backfill

The seismic motion response of a cantilever retaining wall with cohesive and cohesionless backfill materials was evaluated using fully dynamic analysis based on finite difference method. The dynamic analysis was validated based on experimental test results and then compared to analytical and empirical correlations based on Newmark sliding block method. Seven different earthquake events and the backfills with low to high levels of cohesion were considered. Nonlinear regression analyses were carried out to provide correlations between free-field peak ground acceleration (PGA) and maximum relative displacement of the retaining wall. These results were compared to results from empirical and analytical methods. Furthermore, fragility analyses were conducted to determine the probability of damage to the retaining wall for different free-field PGAs and backfill cohesions. It is demonstrated to what extent a small amount of cohesion in backfill material can influence displacement of the retaining wall and probability of damage in seismic conditions.     

河道回填土场地大孔径冲孔灌注桩施工

介绍厦漳高速公路扩建工程漳州段南港特大桥K496+527～K497+757段,处于九龙江紫泥镇河道场地,桩基施工平台用回填土填方而成,桩基孔径较大,桩机锤头均在8T以上,施工时震动较大;本文介绍桩机在此种回填土平台施工时,如何解决桩机下陷偏位、护筒下陷、护壁塌方及钢筋笼下陷等方法,使后面同等场地、同等工艺的工程能够避免发生上述问题,减少机械台班等不必要的损失。