中国与“一带一路”沿线国家农产品贸易的虚拟水流动研究

随着商品贸易,商品中所隐含的虚拟水也随之发生了转移。基于中国与“一带一路”沿线国家农产品贸易数据,测算2001、2007、2013、及2019年农产品贸易虚拟水量,分析中国与“一带一路”沿线地区虚拟水流动格局,通过位序-规模法及分形理论对各伙伴国贸易规模及空间分布发展进行研究以此来探究其垄断性及依赖性。结果表明：2001—2019年期间中国净进口“一带一路”沿线国家虚拟水量由83亿m3增至875亿m3,净出口国家数量由7个增加至27个,空间分布向均衡发展,位居前列的国家对中国的垄断性有所减弱;净出口量由33亿m3增至45亿m3,净进口国家数量由58个减少到47个,空间分布向集中发展,位居前列的国家对中国的依赖性增强;中国净进口的虚拟水类型以绿水为主,平均每年占比85.93%,主要来自于东南亚、南亚和东欧等地区;中国净出口的虚拟水类型以绿水和灰水为主,平均每年占比65.03%和24.07%,主要出口至非洲、西亚等地区;南亚、东欧、中亚、非洲及南欧由净进口区转变为净出口区;东亚仍为净进口地区。     

淮河生态经济带用水转移网络特征及影响因素分析

稀缺背景下相邻区域用水关系呈现出越来越复杂的关联特征,厘清地区间内部用水关系并揭露其用水空间联动格局,能为优化区域水资源协同治理政策提供可靠的参考依据。根据淮河生态经济带28个城市2005-2018年的相关用水数据,运用社会网络分析(SNA)方法刻画了淮河生态经济带城市间用水空间关联网络结构及其转移特征,并使用二次指派程序(QAP)方法揭示了其用水空间关联网络构建的影响因素。结果表明：淮河生态经济带城市间用水关联关系呈现出较为复杂的网络结构,网络密度在样本考察期内轻微减小,但整体网络结构稳定,宿州、周口、徐州、蚌埠4个城市位于用水空间关联网络的核心地位,主导着网络中水资源的流动;块模型分析表明,用水空间关联网络可划分为经纪人、双向溢出、主受益、净收益4个板块,板块之间的空间溢出效应呈现出链条状的趋势;地理位置临近性、人均水资源量以及城镇化率是用水空间关联网络形成的重要影响因素。研究结果对提升区域间水资源交换效率,缓解缺水地区水资源困境具有战略意义。     

Soybean oil extraction in belt extractors with miscella recirculation

This work presents a mathematical model for soybean oil extraction in a belt extractor with miscella recirculation. The mathematical model consists of partial differential and algebraic equations and it takes into account the extractor dimension and the physical properties of the solid and miscella. Experimental data collected in an industrial process in Stead State were used to check the model validity. The model was solved using the Finite Difference Method in a computational routine developed in Maple™ and it was compared with the Method of Ideal Stages. The results are coherent and consistent with the extraction phenomena and they can be used to evaluate the influence of several parameters and to obtain the soybean oil concentration profile in any of the phases and parts of the extractor, either in vertical or horizontal arrangement.     

Friction Characteristics and Topography of Tribofilms from Anti-Wear Additives Applied to Metal V-Belt Type CVT Fluids

This study has investigated potential links between tribological performance and the morphology of tribofilms formed from anti-wear additives with application to metal V-belt pushing type continuously variable transmission fluids (B-CVTFs). The influence of metal–metal tribological properties of anti-wear additives was evaluated using a ball on plate tribometer, enabling friction and lubricant film formation to be monitored during reciprocating tests. Contact mode atomic force microscopy was utilised to investigate the nature of tribofilms at the nanometre scale. As a result, an additive formulation composed of hydrogen phosphite and over-based calcium sulphonate in a hydro-cracked mineral Group II base oil demonstrated a synergism with 8% higher friction coefficient and more stable film formation than the individual additive cases, providing a positive outcome for a B-CVTF. Tribofilm species produced by a chemical reaction between hydrogen phosphite and over-based calcium sulphonate were densely deposited on the wear scar to form a rougher surface, which may explain the higher friction observed.     

重力张紧装置对带式输送机系统动态特性的影响

从重力张紧装置的力学模型着手分析了重力张紧装置对带式输送机系统动态特性的影响，指出了张紧装置的惯性力不容忽视。     

应用气膜调整输送机胶带跑偏的研究

通过气膜具有稳定性和均匀性的特点,对在带式输送机中应用气膜调整胶带跑偏的工作原理进行了理论研究．     

Efficiency of mechano-catalytic water-splitting system

Input energy to mechano-catalytic water-splitting system is transferred partly to organize the frictional electric condenser (FEC) system, which motivates the water-splitting, and partly to rotate the slurry. A part of the rotational energy is regained as a feedback, while the remainder is wasted to the dispersion loss through the viscous motion. The mechanism of the cyclic transfer of charge between the stirrer (Teflon), the vessel wall (Pyrex glass) and the semiconductor particles (NiO, etc.) is discussed. System efficiency, dynamic efficiency, energy conversions and the dispersion processes are analyzed. System design of the cell and the stability of FEC system are discussed as well.     

有气阀的长距离输水管道流动特性分析与应用

长距离输水管道为了补(排)气需要安装气阀，气阀工作时在阀附近的管道内会形成空穴，并且以气阀为中心，上下游管系、空穴和气阀组成一个局部的小系统，形成管系水流特性、空穴参数和过阀气流特性的连续同步变化，并使管内出现振荡流动。本文通过计算实例对过阀气流参数按等熵流动过程计算，空穴参数按等温过程计算，上、下游管系内的水流特性则按非定常流动计算，其计算结果基本符合实际情况。由此得到的过阀气流的质量流量，可用于选择气阀的过流面积，而管系内水流的振荡流动特性，可供管道系统设计、气阀布设安装时参考。     

AN ENERGY ANALYSIS OF BELT POLISHING PROCESS AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO TIME CYCLE AND TRACKING EFFECTS

Belt polishing is a fine machining process widely used to improve surface texture and to increase wear resistance and fatigue life. Despite the basics of this manufacturing process are not yet well understood, the cycle-time and the belt oscillations frequency are considered as fundamental process variables. In this article, their effects on the surface characterization and on the form aspects are investigated in connection with the principal physical mechanisms activated during the superfinishing operations (cutting, ploughing and sliding). With this aim, an energy approach of the belt polishing process, coupled with SEM observations of the abrasive belt, is introduced. Two belt polishing energetic regimes are identified and then discussed.     

宝钢板坯连铸机导辊的带极堆焊

根据开发宝钢板坯连铸机导辊产品的需要，设计并制造了两台带极堆焊机。通过对埋弧焊机的电气改进及导辊堆焊的试制，产品质量达到了技术要求，为企业创造了一定经济效益。