乙苯生产中的催化反应技术

主要介绍了苯烷基化反应热力学和催化反应机理以及国内外各种苯烷基化催化剂的发展。简单介绍了与此相关的工艺,比较了几种工艺之间的特点。同时介绍了催化蒸馏反应器在苯烷基化工艺中的应用。     

PX装置含苯介质管道的选用

苯介质毒性较高,可致癌,输送苯介质管道普遍存在于炼化行业中。苯介质管道在设计、安装和检验过程中,不同行业、不同规范对苯的毒性级别有不同的要求。从苯的毒性和危害出发,根据苯介质的状态、含量、温度、压力、存在场所、输送条件等参数,分析了含苯介质的管道级别应如何进行划分,以及苯介质管道选材的建议原则,苯在管道中的毒性级别应根据具体使用环境条件确定,避免人为的高估或低估其危害程度,造成损失。     

Conversion and hydroconversion of hydrocarbons on zeolite-based catalysts: an FT-IR study

The interaction of HZSM5 and Mo-ZSM5 with benzene, naphthalene, toluene, ortho-xylene, para-xylene, n-butane, isobutane, n-heptane, and methylcyclohexane, in the range 100–773 K has been investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy. Hydrogen bonded species with the internal bridging and the external terminal OHs has been detected. The reactivity at high temperature has also been studied. The access to the internal cavities and to the strongly acidic OHs is at least partly hindered in the case of Mo-ZSM5. The catalytic activity of ZSM5 was moderated by the addition of molybdenum, with lower cracking and higher liquid yields.     

The effect of the nature of vanadium species on benzene total oxidation

The nature of the vanadium species present on V₂O₅/Al₂O₃ catalysts was investigated by using solid state ⁵¹V NMR, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). ⁵¹V NMR and DRS analyses indicated the presence of V⁵⁺ in tetrahedral symmetry at low vanadium loading. A surface polymeric vanadium species and/or the bulk crystalline V₂O₅ were mainly observed at high vanadium loading as also detected by XRD. The positions of the absorption edges determined through the UV–VIS spectra allowed distinguishing between various tetrahedral symmetries. After TPR, the average oxidation state of vanadium depended on the vanadium content. The nature of vanadium species was related to the catalyst behavior on the benzene oxidation reaction. The catalysts containing high vanadium content were more active suggesting that a high amount of V⁴⁺ is responsible for the higher activity.     

苯直接氧化制苯酚反应产物分布测定方法的研究

研究以气相色谱测定苯直接氧化制苯酚反应后产物分布的方法,考察并优化了色谱分析条件。结果表明最佳色谱分析条件为：汽化室温度290℃、检测器温度320℃、升温速率5．0℃／min、载气流速2．0mL／min、分流比120：1、进样量为1μL。采用外标法定量,标准样品的回收率在95％～105％,重复性最大相对标准偏差为1．62％。     

Investigation into Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Benzene in a Circulated Photocatalytic Reactor (CPCR)

Due to the fact that suspended TiO₂ powder enjoys free contact with gaseous pollutant molecules in photocatalytic reactors, it can generally achieve better efficiency than immobilized TiO₂ catalysts. However, difficulties with the separation of this catalyst powder from treated pollutants and its re‐use often limit its application. Therefore, a circulated photocatalytic reactor (CPCR) was designed to enhance the performance of the photocatalytic degradation of gaseous benzene. TiO₂ film photocatalysts were prepared by the sol‐gel method at low temperatures and coated onto the inner wall of this reactor by a bonding agent composed of poly‐(2, 2‐dimethyl)‐acrylic ethylene ester emulsion in which TiO₂ powder was characterized by FTIR, TEM and SEM. In particular, the influences of initial concentration and gas flow rate of benzene on the degradation conversion, D_p, apparent reaction rate constants, k_r, initial degradation rate, r, and the deactivation and regeneration of catalyst in the CPCR, were investigated. The results indicated that the degradation conversion, apparent reaction rate constants and initial degradation rate were closely correlated to the initial concentration of benzene. To elucidate the factors governing the observations, the adsorption characteristics and kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation of benzene were analyzed using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Langmuir‐Hinshelwood kinetic model. It was found that the reaction kinetics were best described by a fixed pseudo‐first‐order kinetic equation of photocatalytic degradation of gaseous benzene in the CPCR.     

ND型吸附剂用于纯苯脱水的实验研究

上海宝钢化工有限公司Litol苯加氢装置生产的纯苯产品中存在微量水分,影响产品质量。采用ND型吸附剂进行纯苯脱水的实验,对微量水在吸附剂上的静态等温吸附、吸附动力学、固定床动态吸附进行了研究。实验表明,ND型吸附剂脱水效果较好,实验结果可为工业化设计提供依据。     

Effects of the number of benzene rings on the properties of single-source ZrC-based liquid precursors and nano zirconium carbide powders thereof

Effects of carbon source in single-source ZrC-based liquid precursors on the properties of the precursors and precursor-derived nano ZrC powders were investigated. The liquid precursors were prepared by directly blending and heating zirconium n-butoxide with either 2,4-pentanedione, benzoyl acetone or 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione additives which have the same chemical composition and structure except for the number of benzene rings (0, 1 and 2, respectively) in order to control the carbon content in the precursors. The ceramic yield of the precursor decreased as the number of benzene rings in the precursors increased. The stability of the precursors in air and the carbon content of the ceramic powder increased when using 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione additive. X-ray pure nano zirconium carbide powders with ultra-fine size (30 nm), isotropic shape and homogeneous particle size distribution were synthesized from the liquid precursors containing two benzene rings in the structure. Compared with ZrC powders derived from the precursors containing zero or one benzene ring, the powder from the precursor containing two benzene rings was finer and more homogeneous in size distribution.     

过氧化氢氧化苯制苯酚的催化剂研究进展

综述了过氧化氢直接氧化苯制苯酚过程中相关催化剂的研究进展,重点介绍了含钛、钒、铁、铜的催化剂,同时给出了各种催化剂所达到的收率和选择性及其工业化前景。