The Outer-Coordination Sphere: Incorporating Amino Acids and Peptides as Ligands for Homogeneous Catalysts to Mimic Enzyme Function

Great progress has been achieved in the field of homogeneous transition metal-based catalysis; however, as a general rule these solution-based catalysts are still easily outperformed by their analogous enzyme counterparts, in terms of both rates and selectivity. This includes structural mimics of enzymatic active sites. This observation suggests that the features of the enzyme beyond the active site, i.e., the outer-coordination sphere, are important for enzymes' exceptional function. Directly mimicking the outer-coordination sphere requires the incorporation of amino acids and peptides as ligands for homogeneous catalysts. This effort has been attempted for many homogeneous catalysts which span the manifold of catalytic reactions including hydrogenation, hydroformylation, hydrogen production, oxygen activation, dioxygen transport, electron transfer, disproportionation of the superoxide anion radical, acylation, phosphorylation, esterification, ester hydrolysis, and hydrogen peroxide disproportionation. How much of the outer-coordination sphere to include in molecular catalysts and the preferential structural conformation of the appended section are long-standing questions. Synthetically incorporating an amino acid- or peptide-based outer-coordination sphere requires care to avoid unwanted side reactions with the large number of functional groups. Catalysis with amino acid or peptide containing catalysts requires careful consideration of solvent and pH to promote solubility, stabilize structure, optimize catalysis, and avoid catalyst degradation. This article reviews the current capability of synthesizing and characterizing this often challenging but very promising category of metal-based catalysts.     

PATTERNED COPPER PLATING LAYER THICKNESS MADE UNIFORM BY PLACEMENT OF AUXILIARY GRID ELECTRODE ABOUT BALL GRID ARRAYS

The authors established a method to ensure uniform patterned copper plating layer thickness in semiconductor packages with high-density electrical circuits or ball grid arrays (BGA). A single BGA pattern unit was divided into small areas and for each, active area density was defined according to the area covered by the copper layer. Current distribution was determined for such an area by numerically solving Laplace and Butler-Voltmer equations, with consideration directed to active area density and plating solution conductivity. With the auxiliary grid electrode placed at a certain distance from the BGA so as to surround the latter by the former electrode, the current was found to be quite effectively prevented from becoming concentrated on sparsely dispersed circuit patterns generally situated near the edge of a unit BGA. Current distribution was noted to vary according to position and cross section size. Error could be made as little as 3.37% when this position was optimal.     

基于神经网络的质量控制图异常诊断

针对质量控制图异常模式到异常原因的映射存在模糊不确定性,采用4层前馈BP神经网络,实现从控制图异常模式到异常原因的推理诊断,构建质量控制图异常模式异因推理诊断系统。首先,将控制图异常模式进行归类,构建控制图异常模式集;其次,针对每种异常模式,确定与之对应的异常原因集;最后,针对每一种异常模式,利用其模式数据作为输入,与之对应的异常原因的异常度作为输出,构建与其对应的神经网络,实现质量控制图异常模式到异常原因的推理诊断,并在此基础上将神经网络输出异常度按大小进行排序,缩小异常原因查找范围,提高查找效率。     

基于属性邻接图的STEP-NC制造特征识别实现

针对于STEP-NC(ISO14649)中规定的的制造特征,论述了基于属性邻接图(AAG)的特征识别方法及其实现过程:首先分析STEP AP203的文件结构,然后提取文件中所包含的几何拓扑信息,判断两个面公共边的凹凸性,构造零件属性邻接图和属性邻接矩阵,通过一定的算法对其进行分解并完成特征子图的匹配,最后在VS 2005平台下开发软件原型系统,验证该特征识别方法的正确性.     

基于人脸识别的疲劳检测系统的软件实现

本文对人脸定位、识别,人眼定位,眼睛状态识别以及相关的图像处理技术进行了较为深入的研究,分析有关国际先进成果的不足之处,在借鉴和选取已有相关算法的基础上,设计并实现了一套适合于驾车疲劳预警的软件监测系统,并通过实验证实了系统的有效性,该系统可以推广应用于民用车载驾驶系统。     

面向多论坛的自动群发技术研究

互联网发展到今天已经非常成熟,许多传统产业在其冲击下表现出另一种形态,比如广告业,已经由传统的报纸、电视迅速过渡到了互联网上成千上万的论坛网络营销。群发技术也已发展成网络营销的一种途径。基于httpclient,采用策略者设计模式,实现了一种可扩展的面向多种论坛的自动群发技术。最后在网络上进行测试,结果表明,文中开发的群发技术可以很好地完成群发功能。     

多功能消失模铸造涂料性能测试仪研制

介绍了一种新型多功能消失模铸造涂料性能测试仪,详细描述了该仪器的测试原理和试样制作,并对工厂实际应用的多种消失模铸造涂料进行了测试.结果表明,该仪器能够快捷地测出模样高温裂解特性、涂料高温透气性和高温强度等主要性能指标且数据重复性好,测试结果与涂料的实际性状具有很好的吻合性.     

电磁净化中间包中钢液流场及传输行为的水模拟研究

采用水模试验,通过流场示踪技术得到电磁净化中间包中的钢液流场形貌,并对圆形腔不同钢液转速下中间包中钢液停留时间曲线进行了测定分析。结果显示,电磁净化中间包的流场比传统中间包的流场复杂:在圆形腔中,旋转运动抑制了大包水口至矩形腔的短路流,而在矩形腔中形成水平环流,从而延长钢液在中间包的平均停留时间,死区减小,电磁净化中间包的上述流场结构及传输行为对钢液中的非金属夹杂物去除非常有利。     

The composite films of gradient TiO2-based/nano-scale hydrophilic sodium titanate: Biomimetic apatite induction and cell response

Chemical treatment was performed to modify the surfaces of the TiO₂-based (TOB) film containing P for improving its bioactivity. The apatite-forming ability of the chemically treated TOB (C-TOB) film was enhanced due to the formation of hydroxyl-functionalized surface during the SBF immersion process. However, further heat treatment of the C-TOB films formed crystalline sodium titanate, showing poor ability to release Na⁺ ions, which does not facilitate the formation of hydroxyl-functionalized surface, thus lowering the apatite-forming ability. Firstly, amorphous Ca- and P-containing precipitates formed during the SBF immersion process, eventually transformed to crystalline biomimetic apatite, exhibiting a porous structure on two-scales of micron and nanometer levels. The preliminary cell experiment showed that the C-TOB film has good biocompatibility.     

一种新的快速多模式匹配算法

在实际网络中,入侵数据包只占网络总流量的极少一部分.系统资源的消耗主要不是在对入侵包的检测,而是在对正常数据包的穷举匹配.针对这一实际情况,提出并实现了一种新的匹配算法.该算法采用两次匹配的思想,大幅度地提高了系统的检测速率.