Color system for skin color extraction

This paper describes a skin color extraction method which has high speed and high accuracy. There were many systems which could achieve the requirements, but they were useless due to tough limitations such as using two cameras to recognize correct coordinates, running only a specific background, wearing several gears, learning the users detailed information in advance, making a personalized database, and so on. In contrast, our approach, which uses the YIQ color system with a background estimation method for skin color extraction, achieved a good performance more than 30 fps, with strong robustness in complicated and poorly illuminated environments. This work was presented in part at the 12th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 25–27, 2007     

K(Knowledge)-net: building up and its dynamics

The essence of intelligence is to use certain abilities to obtain knowledge, to use that knowledge, and to operate with that knowledge. New knowledge learned by a human is often related to old existing knowledge, and sometimes we could have more conceptual knowledge based on old knowledge. So, the knowledge in the brain exists in a related structural form, and this structure is dynamic, and therefore is evolvable. Based on the understanding of the real process of learning by a human being, we discuss how to make a model to describe the dynamic structure of knowledge. This model is also a principle of artificial brain design. Most of the knowledge a child learns is from natural language and perception information, and we define this as semantic knowledge. The model to describe the process and structure of knowledge growing in a network form is called a K-net. It is a dynamic network with two main dynamics: one is new knowledge added, and the other is aggregating knowledge existing in the network with some probability. Under these very natural conditions, we found that the network is originally a simple random net, and then some characteristics of a complex network gradually appear when more new knowledge is added and aggregated. A more interesting phenomenon is the appearance of a random hierarchical structure. Does this mean emergence?     

Towards a continuous microfluidic rheometer

In a previous paper we presented a way to measure the rheological properties of complex fluids on a microfluidic chip (Guillot et al., Langmuir 22:6438, 2006). The principle of our method is to use parallel flows between two immiscible fluids as a pressure sensor. In fact, in a such flow, both fluids flow side by side and the size occupied by each fluid stream depends only on both flow rates and on both viscosities. We use this property to measure the viscosity of one fluid knowing the viscosity of the other one, both flow rates and the relative size of both streams in a cross-section. We showed that using a less viscous fluid as a reference fluid allows to define a mean shear rate with a low standard deviation in the other fluid. This method allows us to measure the flow curve of a fluid with less than 250 μL of fluid. In this paper we implement this principle in a fully automated set up which controls the flow rate, analyzes the picture and calculates the mean shear rate and the viscosity of the studied fluid. We present results obtained for Newtonian fluids and complex fluids using this set up and we compare our data with cone and plate rheometer measurements. By adding a mixing stage in the fluidic network we show how this set up can be used to characterize in a continuous way the evolution of the rheological properties as a function of the formulation composition. We illustrate this by measuring the rheological curve of four formulations of polyethylene oxide solution with only 1.3 mL of concentrated polyethylene oxide solution. This method could be very useful in screening processes where the viscosity range and the behavior of the fluid to an applied stress must be evaluated.     

基于多Agent计算机仿真实验平台Swarm的综述*

结合具体实例“热虫实验”,解释了Swarm在人工世界环境下进行计算机仿真模拟的基本思想,探讨了Swarm的主要概念和系统结构;进而以Java语言为例介绍了面向对象思想用于Swarm编程的基本情况,并对Swarm所提供的软件工具包给出了Java形式的详细说明。     

基于VC++复数模板实现一般复矩阵的奇异值分解运算

Ｖｉｓｕａｌ　Ｃ＋＋以其方便的可视化集成编程环境,高效的代码实现功能,强大的基内库以及兼有低级语言可控制硬件操作的优点,成为一般工程项目的首选软件开发平台。涉及信号处理的实际工程常常需要处理复的数字信号,因此Ｖｉｓｕａｌ　Ｃ＋＋下如何实现复数运算是工程技术中软件开发必须面对的问题。该文详细阐述了ＶｉｓｕａｌＣ＋＋中利用复数模板实现复数运算的方法,给出了一些基本复数运算的实现代码;并基于该方法实现了算法已知的一般复矩阵的奇异值分解（ＣＳＶＤ）运算,很好地满足了实际工程信号处理软件模块的需要,证明了该方法的正确性。发现了 Ｖｉｓｕａｌ　Ｃ＋＋５．０和Ｖｉｓｕａｌ　Ｃ＋＋６．０一个声明的复数模板函数在其标准Ｃ＋＋库中没有具体实现,通过编写同名模板函数解决了这一问题。     

深海天然气及其水合物开发模式与钻采技术探讨

中国南海的石油天然气资源十分丰富,但其大多数都埋藏于深水区,油气勘探开发工作面临着许多难题和挑战。历经多年的探索与实践,我国海洋油气钻探工程已经实现了从浅水（水深300 m以内）到超深水（水深超过1 500 m）的跨越,并在南海发现了丰富的天然气与海域天然气水合物（以下简称水合物）资源,亟待进行安全高效开发,因而对相应的天然气及其水合物高效开发模式与技术支撑体系提出了迫切的需求。为此,针对深海天然气及其水合物安全高效开发的重大课题,提出了适用于常规天然气的“水平井或复杂结构井浮式钻完井+水下钻采系统+浮式生产、集输与浮式液化天然气生产储卸装置（FLNG）处理系统+船运外输”的开发模式及其技术支撑体系,以及适用于非常规天然气——海域天然气水合物的“水平井或复杂结构井浮式钻完井+水合物原位分解开采+水下或浮式生产与集输处理系统+管道或船运外输”的开发模式及其技术支撑体系;论述了大位移井、“U”形井等先进井型的开发模式及其适用的海洋地质环境,并给出了“U”形井的连通控制模型;此外,还介绍了与深水钻井力学和设计控制技术相关的研究进展。结论认为,建立先进适用的工程模式及其技术支撑体系,寻求实现“地质—工程—市场”一体化的解决方案,同时加强相关的信息化与智能化建设,是深海天然气及其水合物安全高效开发的关键之所在。     

CAS理论在滇池流域水资源配置中的应用

基于复杂适应系统（CAS—Complex Adaptive System）理论,研究滇池流域水资源配置系统的演化机制,描述滇池复杂适应水资源配置系统“学习”的特点和本质、各用水及供水主体的影响因素和反应规则。随后,建立了滇池流域水资源配置的CAS模型。基于此模型,利用Matlab优化平台,预测了不同规划年滇池流域各部门的需水量,给出了流域仅在滇池水域与掌鸠河云龙水库供水条件下的水资源配置结果。最后,分析了利用CAS理论研究流域水资源配置的优越性,并给出了相应的结论。     

科研合作网络的社团结构和中心节点研究

对发表于《ISI-SCIE（Science Citation Index Expanded）》上的PHARMACOLOGY＆PHARMACY学科的论文作者合作研究形成的一个复杂网络进行了研究。分析表明该合作网络共有40个子网络,其最大连通子网络节点的度服从幂律分布且有厚尾趋势,具有较小的平均路径长度,较大的聚类系数,存在少数关键节点,具有典型的小世界性和无标度性。并通过GN算法分析和挖掘了该最大连通子网络的社团结构,用度值、介数值和PAGERANK值等指标评价了网络的中心节点,揭示了合作网络中合作水平较高的科研团队和具有影响力的科学家。     

老口航运枢纽施工期临时通航设计

分析了老口航运枢纽的通航条件和现状通航情况.由于工程位于通航河道,施工期不可避免会影响通航.通过施工期水力计算、水文资料分析和水工模型试验验证,提出了施工期临时通航航道设计和安全措施.