Oxidation-Rate Excursions During the Oxidation of Copper in Gaseous Environments at Moderate Temperatures

The kinetics of oxidation of copper powders in oxygen and in dry and humid air was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The extent of oxidation grew linearly with time until the weight-based thickness of the oxide film reached 0.13–1.22 nm, depending on the temperature. Between 30 and 90°C there was little difference between the kinetic curves observed in air and in oxygen, respectively. Higher humidity of the air resulted in an increased oxidation rate. Following the initial linear segment, the oxidation kinetics could be best described in terms of a logarithmic rate law between 30 and 45°C and in terms of a power law between 60 and 90°C. The activation energy for the initial linear stage was (44±2) kJ and for the subsequent oxidation (102±12) kJ. Delayed increases in oxidation rate were observed with a ca. 0.1-m powder around 100°C, with a ca. 1-m powder around 320°C, and with a < 10m powder around 360°C. A three-stage model consisting of an initial linear stage, parabolic growth culminating in cracking of the oxide film, and subsequent re-start of the parabolic growth, gave good agreement with the experimental data. Whenever the powder is relatively uniform and the distribution of film-cracking times among the powder grains is narrow, e.g., within 23% of the median cracking time, an increase in the oxidation rate of the entire sample can be observed.     

High-temperature oxidation of pure titanium in CO2 and Ar-10%CO2 atmospheres

The oxidation behavior of pure titanium has been investigated in the temperature range of 1000 K to 1300 K in CO₂ or Ar-10%CO₂. Optical microscopy, electron probe microanalyses, and X-ray measurements on the oxide scales formed during oxidation indicate that their structures are nearly independent of temperature and the corrosion atmosphere. The scales consisted of two layers, an external one and an internal one, having a rutile (TiO₂) structure. The parabolic rate law was confirmed for growth of the external scale and the permeation depth of oxygen in titanium with apparent activation energies of 266 and 226 kJ/mol, respectively. The rate-determining diffusion species in the oxidation processes are discussed.     

新型复合材料Mg/MWNTs的储放氢性能

通过在加氢气氛下高能球磨，制成了新型复合材料Mg／MWNTs。利用XRD，TEM—SAED等手段对该材料进行了微结构分析。采用储放氢实验装置测试了Mg／MWNTs—H2体系的PCT放氢曲线和放氢动力学性能。研究发现：复合材料Mg／MWNTs在2．0MPa氢压时，373，473，553和598K温度下，最大储氢量(质量分数)分别为0．41％，3．37％，5．70％和6．25％；复合材料Mg／MWNTs氢化物的焓变和熵变的绝对值均低于纯Mg，分别降低了10．51％和3．50％；与纳米晶Mg氢化物相比，复合材料Mg／MWNTs不仅最大储氢量显著增加，而且放氢动力学性能也明显改善。     

Kinetics of the oxidation of ilmenite

The oxidation of ilmenite (FeTiO₃) in air and dry oxygen was investigated over the temperature interval 600 to 970°C. Dense platelets of ilmenite crystals as well as powder samples of ilmenite were oxidized. The weight data were recorded employing a thermobalance. The oxidation kinetics of ilmenite platelets were parabolic except for the initial stages during which logarithmic kinetics were observed. For powder samples the logarithmic rate law was followed primarily. The logarithmic rate law was attributed to free penetration of oxygen through cracks and short-circuit paths. The activation energies associated with the logarithmic rate law were nearly one-half of those obtained from parabolic oxidation. The growth morphology of the products of oxidation of ilmenite was observed with a scanning electron microscope. The effect of growth morphology on the kinetics is discussed, and a probable reaction mechanism is suggested for the oxidation of ilmenite.     

对堆芯熔化条件下锆合金包壳腐蚀动力学有关问题的讨论

针对在堆芯熔化条件下建立铝合金包壳腐蚀动力学模型时所涉及的有关问题和已有的模型进行了讨论和评述。     

MECHANISM OF Re-B-V CO-PERMEATION

ＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＯＦＲｅＢＶＣＯＰＥＲＭＥＡＴＩＯＮ①ＬｉＦｅｎｇｚｈｅｎ，ＬｉｕＺｈａｏｊｉｎｇ，ＪｉｎＱｕａｎ，ＸｕＺｈｉｈｕｉＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＨａｒｂｉｎＵｎｉｖｅｒ...     

粉末注射成形低温热脱蜡的非等温动力学

利用热重法研究了石蜡在粉末注射成形中低温热脱除的非等温动力学。采用微分法和积分法来确定动力学参数。并推出石蜡在聚丙烯配方体系生坯中热脱除的动力学方程式为：－ｌｎ（１－ａ）＝Ａｅｘｐ（－Ｅ／ＲＴ）ｔｍ，（０＜ｍ＜１）。当ｍ＝０．２５时，为最可能的机理形式。热脱蜡的动力学控制步骤为石蜡在聚丙烯中的扩散过程。     

INVESTIGATION ON CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS OF Pd-Cu-Si GLASS

The crystallization kinetics of Pd-Cu-Si glass was studied by means of diferential scanningcalorimetry-Ⅱ.According to Kissinger peak shift meth(?)d and Arrhenius equation,theapparent activation energy was calculated.The crystallization kinetics follows Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation with n=3.0 within 0.15相似文献   

High-temperature oxidation of SiC in a glow-discharge oxygen plasma

The oxidation kinetics and structure of the oxide scales formed on high-density SiC were studied in molecular oxygen at 740 Torr and in a glow-discharge oxygen plasma at 0.1 Torr at temperatures of 1000, 1100, and 1200°C. The monatomic oxygen formed by the glow discharge markedly increased the reaction rate and the vaporization of some of the oxidation products. The marked differences in kinetics suggest that the rate-controlling step during oxidation in molecular oxygen is the dissociation of adsorbed diatomic oxygen to the monatomic species. Films formed in molecular oxygen were mostly amorphous SiO₂ with small inclusions of SiC and graphite, whereas films formed in dissociated oxygen were primarily amorphous SiO₂ containing SiO, S₂O₃, and the coesite form of SiO₂.