煤灰酸浸渣碳分法制备纳米白炭黑性能研究

为实现煤灰渣资源化高效利用,本文以煤灰酸浸提铝后的高硅残渣经焙烧制得的Na₂SiO₃溶液为原料,采用碳分法制取高附加值的纳米白炭黑。通过单因素法,采用比表面积测试法（BET）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）吸油值测定、透射电镜（TEM）、红外光谱分析（FTIR）、X衍射分析（XRD）等分析表征手段,研究不同的实验条件对制得的纳米白炭黑性能的影响,得到碳分法制取纳米白炭黑的最佳实验工况。实验表明,当硅酸钠溶液中SiO₂质量分数为2%、CO₂通气速率为0.5/min、溶液反应温度为65~75℃、反应终点pH为8时,通过陈化、过滤、洗涤、共沸蒸馏、烘干后,可得到粒径为20~40nm、DBP吸油值为3.10mL/g、比表面积为250m²/g、质量分数91.88%的性能最优纳米白炭黑。     

Ceramic and polymeric solid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are important for energy storage in a wide variety of applications including consumer electronics, transportation and large-scale energy production. The performance of lithium-ion batteries depends on the materials used. One critical component is the electrolyte, which is the focus of this paper. In particular, inorganic ceramic and organic polymer solid-electrolyte materials are reviewed. Solid electrolytes provide advantages in terms of simplicity of design and operational safety, but typically have conductivities that are lower than those of organic liquid electrolytes. This paper provides a comparison of the conductivities of solid-electrolyte materials being used or developed for use in lithium-ion batteries.     

GC-MS/MS法测定白酒中3种塑化剂含量的不确定度评定

对采用GC-MS/MS法测定白酒中DIBP、DBP和DEHP含量的不确定度进行评定。依据JJF 1135—2005《化学分析测量不确定度评定》和JJF 1059.1—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》中的有关规定,建立测定白酒中3种塑化剂含量的不确定度数学模型,分析测量不确定度的来源,计算各不确定度分量并进行合成。结果表明,DIBP、DBP和DEHP的扩展不确定度分别为0.060,0.062,0.17mg/kg;不确定度主要来源于标准溶液的配制、测量重复性和标准曲线的拟合。     

U0_2(NO_3)_2-TBP体系的光化学研究

用Ar~+激光器的488nm单色光研究了UO_2(NO_3)_2-30％TBP-煤油体系中U(Ⅵ)的光化学行为。实验表明:光照后TBP有机相内含有还原生成的U(Ⅳ)和TBP的主要降解产物DBP和丁醛;生成U(Ⅳ)的量子产额与酸度、温度、TBP浓度有关。光照合0.1mol/l U(Ⅵ),0.2mol/l HNO_3的30％TBP-煤油溶液时U(Ⅳ)的量子产额为0.18。温度大于30℃光照时,会产生显著量的亚硝酸。亚硝酸的生成量与光照功率和U(Ⅵ)的浓度成正比,当酸度大于0.1mol/l时,其量随酸度增加而减少。还初步探讨了U(Ⅵ)在TBP中光化还原的机理。     

炼制条件对牛油中塑化剂及风味物质的影响北大核心CSCD

为保障牛油的食用安全和风味品质,以被邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)污染的生牛脂为原料,对其进行炼制,考察炼制条件对牛油中DBP和DEHP含量的影响,采用电子鼻分析炼制条件对牛油风味的影响。结果表明:牛油中DBP、DEHP含量随炼制温度、炼制时间、炼制压力和加水量的变化表现出不同的变化规律,适宜炼制条件为炼制温度120~140℃、炼制时间10~15 min、炼制压力-0.02 MPa、加水量2 mL/100 g,在此条件下炼制的牛油DBP和DEHP含量较低且稳定;氮氧化合物、硫化物、萜类化合物、短链烷类、醇醚醛酮类化合物是牛油的主要风味成分。通过线性判别分析可知,加水量、炼制压力、炼制时间对牛油风味影响较大。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的毒性作用及机制

针对环境污染日益严重的现状,探讨了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的肝脏与生殖毒性作用.检测了血浆和肝脏中的关键酶、精子活动力与畸形率,观察了肝脏和睾丸的病理改变.结果表明,DBP可以显著升高谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和丙二醛(MDA),显著降低超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT),表明DBP会诱发小鼠肝脏发生脂质过氧化过程,引起早期的肝脏损伤.DBP能够穿透血-睾屏障,干扰精子的生长和发育过程.因此,DBP是一种对雄性生殖细胞具有潜在诱变危害的遗传毒性化合物.     

GO/CoFe2O4催化过硫酸盐降解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯效能

为高效地去除水中环境激素类污染物,采用共沉淀法合成了氧化石墨烯负载钴尖晶石铁氧体(GO/CoFe_2O_4)催化剂,催化过硫酸盐(PMS)去除水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP).采用SEM、TEM、XPS、XRD对催化剂进行表征,研究不同条件下催化PMS去除水中DBP的效果,提出催化PMS反应机理.结果表明,GO/CoFe_2O_4为颗粒状尖晶石结构,室温下,DBP初始浓度为2μmol/L、催化剂投量为0.1 g/L、PMS浓度为20μmol/L、pH为7时,GO/CoFe_2O_4催化PMS体系对DBP的去除率可达89%,使用5次后催化效果仅降低5%.该新型复合催化剂高效、具有磁性、方便回收,具有良好的工程应用前景.     

Toxicity of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on the anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludge

Previous studies on the microbial degradation of individual phthalic acid esters (PAEs) have demonstrated that the compounds with short ester hydrocarbon chains are easily biodegraded and mineralized, but PAEs with long ester chains are less susceptible to degradation and some of them are considered recalcitrant. Moreover, they inhibit methanogenesis. However, studies have not been made on the effect of feeding a combination of recalcitrant and biodegradable PAEs into anaerobic digesters treating wastewater sludge. The present study was conducted with wastewater sludge from the Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation's Hyperion Treatment Plant. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the most common persistent PAE found in wastewater, and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), a common PAE with short ester chains, were sorbed into the sludge fed to a bench-scale digester for a period of 12 weeks. DEHP degradation was always poor, and accumulation of DEHP was correlated with inhibition of the microbial degradation of DBP and with process instability of the test digester. Inhibition of the DBP removal was completely reversed after DEHP addition was discontinued, but biogas production never recovered to the level observed in a control digester. Other process parameters of digester performance were not affected by DEHP accumulation. These results are similar to the toxic effects of long chain fatty acids on sludge digestion, suggesting that DEHP or its degradation products affect all the microbial populations in the anaerobic bioreactor. Our results imply that high levels of DEHP or other recalcitrant PAEs in wastewater sludge are likely to compromise methanogenesis and removal of biodegradable PAEs in sludge digesters.     

单模聚焦微波合成邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯

用Discover微波精确有机合成系统，以邻苯二甲酸酐、正丁醇为原料，一水合硫酸氢钠为催化剂合成邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯。考察了催化剂用量、微波辐射的功率和时间、反应物料配比对苯酐的转化率的影响。当n(正丁醇)：n(邻苯二甲酸酐)=0．13：0．05，催化剂0．60g，微波辐射功率150w，辐射时间15min时，转化率达97．8％。     

Controlled growth of dibenzotetraphenylperiflanthene thin films by varying substrate temperature for photovoltaic applications

We investigate the growth of a novel organic photovoltaic material, dibenzotetraphenylperiflanthene (DBP) thin film by ultra-high-vacuum evaporation. It is shown that the surface morphology and crystalline order of DBP thin films are greatly changed by growth temperature. Especially, at 90 °C, the DBP exhibits a unique orientated growth with long well-directional grain structures. The power conversion efficiency of the device using DBP grown at 90 °C is enhanced by a factor of 61% relative to that of the device using DBP grown at room temperature due to the improvements in photocurrent, open-circuit voltage and fill factor. The results indicate the feasibility of the controlled growth of DBP thin films, which plays a crucial role in improving the performances of photovoltaic devices.