醌及氢化醌类化合物对麦草蒸煮的作用及其数学模型

本文研究了蒽醌（AQ）及其衍生物以及氢化蒽醌对麦草烧碱法蒸煮的作用，用微型计算机处理蒸煮结果，得到7个关于添加剂用量与蒸煮效果关系的数学模型，并对蒸煮过程进行了分析。研究结果表明，氢化蒽醌是比较适合麦草制浆的蒸煮添加剂。     

产DHA酒香酵母的培养条件优化研究

对海洋中筛选的酒香酵母(Brettanomyces sp.)7-3产DHA条件进行了优化,结果表明培养基最佳组成为葡萄糖10 g/L, 蔗糖10 g/L,酵母膏20 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 10 g/L,NaHCO3 1 g/L,K2HPO4 6 g/L,ZnSO4 0.1 g/L,MgSO4 0.1 g/L,CaCl2 0.5 g/L,Na2EDTA 0.2 g/L,FeC6H5O7·3H2O 0.01 g/L.摇瓶培养最佳条件为培养初始pH=6.0,培养温度25 ℃,装液量为100 mL(在500 mL摇瓶中),培养时间为84 h,优化后油脂与DHA产量分别提高了3.3和3.8倍.     

Storage stability of liver oil from two ray (Rhinoptera bonasus and Aetobatus narinari) species from the Gulf of Mexico

The effect of storage time on the quality of liver oil from two commercial rajiform species (Rhinoptera bonasus and Aetobatus narinari) captured in the Gulf of Mexico (State of Campeche coast line) was evaluated. Oil characterisation was conducted by physical (specific gravity, saponification index and water content) and chemical analyses (fatty acid content, carotenes and tocopherols) whilst storage stability (peroxide value, free fatty acids, conjugated dienes, anisidine value and changes in docosahexaenoic acid, DHA and content) was studied for 87 days at 25 °C. Increases (p < 0.05) in free fatty acids, conjugated dienes, peroxide value and anisidine value, and a decrease (p < 0.05) in DHA were observed during the storage time for both oil species as oxidation proceeded. It was concluded that R. bonasus and A. narinari oils lasted for 52 and 66 days under these storage conditions, respectively.     

Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels in Blood and Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children: Is There a Link?

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing in the pediatric population. Considering the different existing criteria to define metabolic syndrome, the use of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria has been suggested in children. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been associated with beneficial effects on health. The evidence about the relationship of DHA status in blood and components of the metabolic syndrome is unclear. This review discusses the possible association between DHA content in plasma and erythrocytes and components of the metabolic syndrome included in the IDF criteria (obesity, alteration of glucose metabolism, blood lipid profile, and blood pressure) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children. The current evidence is inconsistent and no definitive conclusion can be drawn in the pediatric population. Well-designed longitudinal and powered trials need to clarify the possible association between blood DHA status and metabolic syndrome.     

裂殖壶菌发酵产DHA油脂的生产工艺优化

采用磷酸香草醛法实时监测裂殖壶菌发酵产DHA油脂的积累情况,对裂殖壶菌的基础发酵工艺进行了优化。得到裂殖壶菌生长和油脂积累的最佳培养基配方为:葡萄糖30 g/L,玉米浆粉6 g/L,蛋白胨4 g/L,硝酸钠3.6~3.9 g/L,海水晶15 g/L;在50 L的发酵罐中采用后期流加一定量的葡萄糖提高碳氮比来提高油脂积累外,通过流加3.0 g/L的大豆油来刺激菌体生长,最终经过72 h的流加培养,菌体湿重达到200 g/L,总油脂含量达到60%以上,油脂脂肪酸组成中的DHA含量占22%左右。     

虾青素DHA单酯对脂多糖诱导炎症反应的保护作用

目的：通过构建脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）诱导的BV2小鼠小胶质细胞和斑马鱼炎症模型研究虾青素二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic,DHA）单酯的抗炎活性。方法：采用光学显微镜观察细胞形态,四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测细胞活性,Griess法测定NO水平。向斑马鱼胚胎显微注射虾青素,体视显微镜下观察胚胎发育,采用试剂盒检测胚胎中活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）产生量和丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应测定炎症因子的表达水平。结果：虾青素DHA单酯干预后,细胞内炎症因子表达水平与模型组相比极显著下降（P＜0.01）,接近于空白对照组;游离虾青素和虾青素DHA单酯均能保护斑马鱼胚胎的发育,降低LPS诱导的胚胎畸形率,有效抑制炎症斑马鱼体内ROS产生,同时显著降低MDA含量,下调炎症因子的表达水平,并且虾青素DHA单酯的效果更佳。结论：虾青素DHA单酯比游离虾青素具有更好的抗炎活性,对LPS诱导的炎症反应有明显的保护作用。     

响应面法优化寇氏隐甲藻突变株的发酵培养基

对寇氏隐甲藻突变株产DHA的发酵培养基进行响应面优化。首先用Plackett-Burman试验筛选出影响显著的3个因素,再利用最陡爬坡试验和响应面试验对培养基进行优化并建立二次多元回归模型,最后用优化后的发酵培养基在50 L发酵罐上进行放大试验。结果表明在最佳培养基葡萄糖121.41 g/L,谷氨酸钠11.54 g/L,硫酸镁7.25 g/L时,DHA的产量为5.65 g/L发酵液,比优化前提高了10.35%。在50 L发酵罐上发酵培养,DHA产量为9.50 g/L发酵液,为摇瓶培养时的1.68倍。     

DHA,EPA在乳制品中的应用

本文着重介绍了ＤＨＡ、ＥＰＡ的来源，特别是生理机能及其在人体内的代谢过程，并详细论述了ＤＨＡ、ＥＰＡ在乳品行业中应用的意义及工艺中存在的问题。     

Nutritional and sensory quality of porcine raw meat, cooked ham and dry-cured shoulder as affected by dietary enrichment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and α-tocopheryl acetate

The effects of dietary enrichment of pig diets with DHA from a marine source (Algatrium^®) and α-tocopheryl acetate on the nutritional and sensory characteristics of pork and pork products were evaluated. Raw and cooked hams, and dry-cured shoulders from pigs fed with three diets (control, control supplemented with 0.3% DHA plus 50 ppm α-tocopheryl acetate and control with 200 ppm α-tocopheryl acetate) were used. The treatments did not cause any significant differences in proteolytic and antioxidant enzyme activities, except on catalase (CAT) which increased significantly in raw hams from pigs fed DHA supplemented diets. Vitamin E accumulated in samples with α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation. DHA added to the diet increased the DHA level by 87% compared with the control treatment in both raw and dry-cured shoulders, and exceeded 82% in cooked hams. In consequence, the incorporation of the n − 3 source in the diet significantly reduced the n − 6/n − 3 ratio in all products. The ratio reduction ranged from 51% in dry-cured shoulders to 65% in cooked and raw hams.