单级自养脱氮系统运行周期内的DO变化研究

以人工配制的低C/N值废水为处理对象,考察了单级自养脱氮系统在一个反应周期内DO浓度的变化规律及其与含氮物质转化的相关性。结果表明,当DO分别控制在2.0和1.5mg/L时,对TN的去除率分别为69.7%和81.1%,在氨氮转化结束前,DO浓度基本保持不变,到氨氮转化结束时出现DO浓度突然升高的折点。不同DO浓度条件下的试验进一步验证了DO变化特征点的重现性,DO浓度变化特征点可作为判断氨氮转化完成从而可停止曝气的控制点。     

采用液滴分析技术定量检测水中溶解氧的研究

在原有光纤-电容传感器的基础上,引入了光纤溶解氧(DO)传感器,在保持液滴分析仪原有结构的情况下,可同时获得水质的定性和定量信息。基于液滴分析技术(DAT)对水中30种不同浓度的DO含量进行了检测。实验结果表明,基于DTA,采用光纤DO传感器检测液体的DO含量是有效的。在考虑温度影响时,二次多项式拟合模型效果最佳,系统的灵敏度可达0.1mg/L,最大相对误差为2.38%。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌液体发酵的研究

对苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵清液进行了工艺条件优化研究,通过试验确定其适宜发酵工艺条件为:溶解氧大于3%,培养温度:1～20 h为30℃,20h以后为33℃,补糖量为2%,发酵周期29h.在此条件下,进行发酵可使发酵液生物效价达到5200 IU/uL的水平,制得干粉生物效价达到120000 IU/uL,晶体含量达12%.     

微粒群算法在SBR污水处理系统中的应用

污水处理过程是一个具有大时滞、非线性、强干扰的复杂控制对象,需要不断把当前最先进的优化算法应用到污水处理过程中以优化现有污水处理系统。详细介绍了微粒群算法(PSO)应用到各种污水处理系统中进行优化的方法并给出了PSO算法本身的优化。     

MODELING DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION FOR OPTIMIZING AERATION SYSTEMS AND REDUCING OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESSES: A REVIEW

Aeration accounts for 30% to 75% of the total energy consumption in activated sludge processes (ASPs). This percentage can be significantly reduced since most aeration systems are not optimized for unsteady influent flow rates and oxygen requirements. Reconfiguration, replacement, and the application of optimal dissolved oxygen (DO) control strategies for current aeration systems within the facility and model-based optimization of DO in wastewater treatment plants can lead to impressive increased energy efficiency and savings and improved stability of the system. These measures increase the operational lifetime of the aeration equipment and improve effluent and activated sludge quality. This article provides a review of two critical nonlinear time-varying parameters that characterize the DO concentration dynamics in an ASP: the oxygen uptake rate (OUR), related to microorganism activity, and the volumetric oxygen mass transfer function, represented by the oxygen transfer rate (OTR). Second, the physico-chemical, geometric, and dynamic factors and aerator type affecting the oxygen mass transfer coefficient (K _L a) are thoroughly discussed. The article concludes with model-based optimization, explaining the usefulness of accurate DO models in wastewater treatment, and provides examples for plant-wide or water chain cycle–focused optimizations.     

同步硝化反硝化的影响因素研究

为了深入研究同步硝化反硝化(SND)的影响因素,试验研究了SBR工艺中C/N、DO和pH对SND率的影响.试验结果表明,在DO=0.45 mg/L、C/N在3.33～8.32的情况下,SND率随着C/N的升高而线性升高.当C/N超过8.32时,SND率增速减缓.在C/N=8.32、DO 0.2～0.4 mg/L的情况下,SND率随DO的升高而升高,当DO超过0.4 mg/L时,SND率开始下降.在C/N=8.32、pH处于7.6～8.4的情况下,SND率随着pH的增加先升高后下降,当pH处于8时,SND率达到最高.     

有序畴界原子结构及其迁移特征的微观相场研究

利用微观相场模型研究了DO22 (Ni3V) 相间有序畴界原子层次的结构及其迁移特征。研究表明：界面的迁移性与界面结构有关。界面的迁移过程中,V原子跃迁至最近邻的Ni格点处并与之交换,原子的跃迁行为具有位置选择性。原子跃迁行为的位置选择性使得界面迁移前后界面结构保持不变。界面迁移过程及其特征可以用过渡界面来表征,每一种可迁移界面都按照自有的原子跃迁模式进行迁移,并且在迁移的过程中只形成一种独特的过渡界面,界面迁移过程中的原子跃迁模式是诱导界面迁移的热力学和动力学最优化路径。     

Performance analysis of the forward link cdma2000 1xEV‐DO evolution for multirate services in cellular wireless system

In this paper, we propose a combined analytical and simulation framework for performance evaluation of the forward link in the cdma2000 evolution for data only (1xEV‐DO) cellular systems with throughput and spectral efficiency being used as performance metrics. A closed form expression for the aggregate average throughput is derived in terms of system‐dependent parameters and a discrete random process that reflects the stochastic behavior of the transmission channel. The random process is expressed in terms of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the users signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR). Quantitative results for throughput and spectral efficiency are presented for a variety of users distribution models, base station antenna types and frequency reuse factors for the cases of sectorized and non‐sectorized cells. Furthermore, we study the impact of the cell radius on the system performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市污水脱氮除磷SBR在线控制系统研究

SBR采用进水—厌氧—好氧—缺氧—好氧—沉淀—出水的运行方式处理城市污水。反应器装备有DO、ORP和pH等在线检测传感器。DO、ORP和pH变化的一些特征点可以用来判断和控制SBR中污水脱氮除磷过程的各个步骤。这包括:厌氧时,ORP和pH的转折点对应磷的释放;一次好氧时,DO、ORP的氨肘和pH的氨谷对应硝化结束;缺氧时,ORP的硝酸盐膝和pH的硝酸盐峰对应反硝化结束;二次好氧时,DO、ORP碳肘对应剩余碳的氧化结束,pH的转折点对应聚磷结束。控制系统能进行全自动运行来完成污水的脱氮除磷。     

移动WiMAX与EV-DO、HSPA的技术比较

移动WiMAX技术是宽带无线通信领域的一个重要分支,市场占有率正在迅速上升。1xEV/DO和HSPA是当前3G领域的最重要组成部分。论文详细分析了移动WiMAX、1xEV/DO和HSPA3者之间的异同点,重点介绍了移动WiMAX系统的优势所在。