FROM COMPETITION,COEXISTENCE TO WIN-WIN — RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTELLIGENT DESIGN TOOLS AND HUMAN DESIGNERS

With its increasingly wide application in the fields of architecture and urban planning, intelligent design tools require a review on its essence, core value, and evolution. Based on her several years’ experience of research and practice, the author points out that one of the essential characteristics of intelligent design tools is their ability to actively interact with humans (such as the assessment, optimization, and feedback of human designer’s schemes). The core value of intelligent design tools lies in that they can liberate human designers from repetitive work and break down the barriers in communicating design knowledge and ideas. Human designers and intelligent design tools both have their own strengths in the real practices; the two should complement each other and make progress together. Being a product of inspiration and integration between emerging sciences, such as artificial intelligence, and traditional design disciplines, intelligent design tools will enjoy an ever-expanding realm of application. It will facilitate cross-disciplinary cooperation in Architecture, Urban Planning, and Landscape Architecture at varied scales, which not only promotes explorations on design philosophy and deep design values, but also help improve design quality and the overall efficiency of the industry.     

Vehicle longitudinal control using throttles and brakes

One of the main challenges of automotive vehicle longitudinal control is integrating throttle and brake control. The difficulties are mainly due to the necessity of switching throttles and brakes, and the non-symmetry of time delays - large delay for brakes, and small delay for throttles. Existing control techniques switch between throttles and brakes based on a simple predetermined criterion. As a result, switchings are frequent, and ride jerky. In this paper, we propose a control strategy where two control laws, one for the throttle and one for the brake, are computed simultaneously to optimize a certain tracking criterion by a learning algorithm. The two computed control signals are then used to determine whether to activate the throttle, or the brake, or inaction. The resulting control law is shown to give dramatically smoother behaviors for vehicle tracking.     

Uncertainty in the learning rates of energy technologies: An experiment in a global multi-regional energy system model

The diffusion of promising energy technologies in the market depends on their future energy production–cost development. When analyzing these technologies in an integrated assessment model using endogenous technological learning, the uncertainty in the assumed learning rates (LRs) plays a crucial role in the production–cost development and model outcomes. This study examines the uncertainty in LRs of some energy technologies under endogenous global learning implementation and presents a floor-cost modeling procedure to systematically regulate the uncertainty in LRs of energy technologies. The article narrates the difficulties of data assimilation, as compatible with mixed integer programming segmentations, and comprehensively presents the causes of uncertainty in LRs. This work is executed using a multi-regional and long-horizon energy system model based on “TIMES” framework. All regions receive an economic advantage to learn in a common domain, and resource-ample regions obtain a marginal advantage for better exploitation of the learning technologies, due to a lower supply-side fuel-cost development. The lowest learning investment associated with the maximum LR mobilizes more deployment of the learning technologies. The uncertainty in LRs has an impact on the diffusion of energy technologies tested, and therefore this study scrutinizes the role of policy support for some of the technologies investigated.     

深埋煤层开采覆岩压力变化的相似材料试验研究

为研究煤炭深井开采过程中矿压显现规律及其控制技术,以菏泽井田赵楼煤矿近千米深埋煤层首采区地质条件为依据,通过模拟试验研究了采动影响下煤层及顶底板不同位置的应力变化规律,研究结果表明:(1)随煤层开挖,煤柱应力聚集有一个急剧变化段,煤柱的压力变化同老顶岩层的变形密切相关;(2)采动过程底板的超前影响步距与前方煤柱的超前影响步距大致相当,反映出回采过程两者的压力聚集具有类似的同步性;(3)煤层开挖过程,老顶岩层压力聚集变化特征点与老顶层位整体垮塌的开挖步距相对应,这一关系特点与开切眼煤柱极为相似,一定程度上反映了老顶变形对冲击地压形成的重要意义。     

鲕状赤铁矿深度还原矿组成特性及磁选试验研究

通过化学分析、X射线衍射（XRD）分析、扫描电镜（SEM）分析等检测方法,对某鲕状赤铁矿深度还原矿进行了组成特性研究,查明了Fe元素的赋存状态,并根据其组成特性制定了相应的选别流程。试验结果表明,该鲕状赤铁矿深度还原产品采用三段磁选 细筛流程可以获得品位为88.24%,金属化率为94.99%的深度还原铁粉,金属铁的回收率为80.13%,所得产品可直接作为炼钢的原料。     

基于GIS的矿区环境辅助决策信息系统的设计与开发

 运用GIS技术,设计开发了矿区环境辅助决策信息系统。系统采用SuperMap Objects 5.3和SQL Server2000数据库管理系统,应用相应的编程语言完成。重点讨论了该系统的总体结构与功能,以及系统的实现技术,解决了专题空间数据与属性数据的集成问题,为矿区环境信息的管理与可视化、管理部门辅助决策提供了有力支持。     

硬石膏深加工及应用的研究进展

介绍了我国硬石膏资源的分布及其特点,同时阐述了硬石膏的活性激发和化学改性技术,系统分析了硬石膏制备硫酸和新型胶结料以及硬石膏增强聚合物的技术特性,简述了硬石膏在水泥、粉刷石膏和自流平材料中的应用前景。结合硬石膏的特性和应用要求,指出了硬石膏深层次开发的具体方向。     

铜绿山铜铁矿深部矿石中铜的可选性研究

为解决铜绿山铜铁矿进入井下深部开采后因矿石性质变化造成的选矿指标恶化问题,在工艺矿物学研究基础上,对该矿深部矿石进行了铜的可选性试验。试验结果表明:将磨矿细度从目前现场生产所采用的-0.074 mm占63%~70%提高到-0.074 mm占85.9%,采用异步浮选流程,以单一丁黄药作捕收剂,可获得含铜22.85%,含金14.27 g/t,含银85.69 g/t的铜精矿,相应的铜、金、银回收率分别为93.72%,94.83%,82.34%,而以丁黄药+丁胺黑药组合药剂作捕收剂,可使铜、金、银的回收率提高1~2个百分点,但铜、金、银品位略有降低。     

Anhydrous proton conductivity of sulfonated polysulfone/deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composite membranes: Effect of sulfonation degree and DES composition

The potential use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for anhydrous conductivity of sulfonated polysulfone membrane is presented. To this end, different molar ratios of sodium bromide as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and ethylene glycol as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) are used for the synthesis of DESs. Two sulfonation degrees (DS) of 30 and 40% are also adjusted for the synthesis of sulfonated polysulfones. The synthesized DESs have suitable thermal stability as well as low viscosity to provide interconnected ionic pathways within the membranes. The proton conductivity of membranes is mainly influenced by the HBD/HBA molar ratio of DES as well as the DS of sulfonated polymer. The maximum proton conductivity of 301 mS/cm at 100 °C is obtained for the polymer with 40% DS containing a DES with a higher HBD/HBA molar ratio. The prepared composite membranes have great potential for fuel cell performance, especially in anhydrous conditions.     

Metal chlorides-promoted ammonia absorption of deep eutectic solvent

Ammonia is considered as a promising hydrogen or energy carrier. Ammonia absorption or adsorption is an important aspect for both ammonia removal, storage and separation applications. To these ends, a wide range of solid and liquid sorbents have been investigated. Among these, the deep eutectic solvent (DES) is emerging as a promising class of ammonia absorbers. Herein, we report a novel type of DES, i.e., metal-containing DESs for ammonia absorption. Specifically, the NH₃ absorption capacity is enhanced by ca. 18.1–36.9% when a small amount of metal chlorides, such as MgCl₂, MnCl₂ etc., are added into a DES composed of resorcinol (Res) and ethylene glycol (EG). To our knowledge, the MgCl₂/Res/EG (0.1:1:2) DES outperforms most of the reported DESs. The excellent NH₃ absorption performances of metal–containing DESs have been attributed to the synergy of Lewis acid–base and hydrogen bonding interactions. Additionally, good reversibility and high NH₃/CO₂ selectivity are achieved over the MgCl₂/Res/EG (0.1:1:2) DES, which enables it to be a potential NH₃ absorber for further investigations.