不同条件热处理后Ti-15-3钛合金的再结晶织构

利用三维取向分布函数(ODF)并结合光学显微镜分析了经不同热处理后Ti-15-3钛合金的再结晶织构和显微组织。结果表明:对该合金固溶冷轧板在固溶温度下进行再结晶退火,当在空气炉中加热时,再结晶过程中形成γ纤维织构,并且随着晶粒的长大,γ纤维织构更加明显,此外亦形成了{114}纤维织构;在加热速率较快的盐浴炉中加热时,再结晶进程加快,γ纤维织构形成于再结晶晶粒的正常长大过程中;在空气炉中分级加热再结晶后,形成以高斯组分为主的散乱强织构。     

Hot Compression Mechanical Behavior of Solution Heat-Treated and Pre-aged Mg-Zn-Gd-Er Alloys

The mechanical behavior of solution heat-treated and pre-aged Mg-6Zn-1Gd-1Er alloys during hot compression (from 180 to 330 °C) has been investigated. The results showed that the flow stress curves of the pre-aged sample (PAS) intersected with that of the solution heat-treated sample (SHTS) during hot compression. At 180 °C, when the true strain is 0.27 and 0.47, the PAS showed larger and smaller stress (210.80 MPa vs. 207.58 MPa and 205.67 MPa vs. 207.93 MPa) than the SHTS, respectively. These phenomena were due to the stronger interaction of W phase and dislocations/twins under the strain of 0.27, while dynamic recrystallization softening occurred under the strain of 0.47. When the temperature increased to 330 °C, the flow stress of PAS and SHTS showed an opposite trend to that of 180 °C. Continuous dynamic recrystallization and particle stimulated nucleation based on slip operations are the main deformation mechanisms under 330 °C. At the true strain is 0.33 and 0.53, the PAS has smaller and larger stress (61.32 MPa vs. 63.69 MPa and 58.75 MPa vs. 57.09 MPa) than the SHTS, respectively. The increasing deformation resistance of dynamic precipitation improved the flow stress under smaller strain and dynamic recrystallization decreased the flow stress under high strain, which resulted the opposite phenomena of SHTS.     

制备高活性二氯四氨合钯(Ⅱ)的工艺研究

在旋转蒸发仪中,研究了二氯四氨合钯(Ⅱ)的制备方法,并探索了不同反应条件下二氯四氨合钯(Ⅱ)产品的钯含量。结果表明,四氯合钯酸在85℃下与氨水反应80 min为相对最优制备条件;在70℃下重结晶25 min为二氯四氨合钯(Ⅱ)最佳后续处理条件。     

高性能铝基复合材料的设计与加工技术

从铝基复合材料微观结构特征与性能关系角度,回顾了承载结构用典型铝基复合材料在体系设计、制备与成型加工研究方面的成果与进展,同时简要介绍了近期铝基复合材料为实现性能突破所开展的研究探索,最后根据铝基复合材料的发展历程与现有研究的特点对铝基复合材料今后的研究应用进行了展望。     

Influence of Microstructural Evolution on the Hot Deformation Behavior of an Fe–Mn–Al Duplex Lightweight Steel

The hot deformation behavior of Fe–26 Mn–6.2 Al–0.05 C steel was studied by experimental hot compression tests in the temperature range of 800–1050 °C and strain rate range of 0.01–30 s21 on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation machine. The microstructural evolution during the corresponding thermal process was observed in situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses were carried out to observe the microstructural morphology before and after the hot deformation. Furthermore, interrupted compression tests were conducted to correlate the microstructural characteristics and softening mechanisms at different deformation stages.The results showed that hot compression tests of this steel were all carried out on a duplex matrix composed of austenite and d-ferrite. As the deformation temperature increased from 800 to 1050 °C, the volume fraction of austenite decreased from 70.9% to 44.0%, while that of d-ferrite increased from 29.1% to 56.0%. Due to the different stress exponents(n) and apparent activation energies(Q), the generated strain was mostly accommodated by d-ferrite at the commencement of deformation, and then both dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization occurred earlier in d-ferrite than in austenite.This interaction of strain partitioning and unsynchronized softening behavior caused an abnormal hot deformation behavior profile in the Fe–Mn–Al duplex steel, such as yield-like behavior, peculiar work-hardening behavior, and dynamic softening behavior, which are influenced by not only temperature and strain rate but also by microstructural evolution.     

Hot deformation behavior of low carbon steel during compression at elevated temperature

Hot compression tests of low carbon steel were carried out on Gleeble-3500 system in the temperature range from 750 to 900 ℃ and in the strain rate range from 0.001 to 1.0 s-1, and the associated microstructural evolution was studied by observations with a metallographic microscope. The results show that the stress-strain curves exhibit a peak stress at critical strain, after which the fl ow stresses decrease monotonically until reaching high strains, showing a dynamic fl ow softening. The peak stress level decreases with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate, which can be represented by the Zener-Hollomon parameter Z in the hyperbolic sine equation. The fl ow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deforming temperature. The fl ow stress can be described by constitutive equation in hyperbolic sine function and can also be described by a Zener–Hollomon parameter Z. With increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate, the grain size as well as the volume fraction of the recrystallized grains increase. The safe region for hot working of the alloy has been determined according to the processing map and microstructure at the true strain of 0.5, which is the deformation temperature of 840-940 ℃ and the strain rate of 0.001-1.0 s-1.     

Q345B钢动态再结晶动力学模型研究

在Gleeble1500热模拟机上进行Q345B钢单道次压缩变形实验,得到其真应力-真应变曲线,结合加工硬化率曲线,确定了Q345B钢动态再结晶临界应变εc、峰值应变εP和稳态应变εs。根据实验结果得到Zener-Hollomon方程和动态再结晶状态图,利用Johnson-Mehl-Avrami（JMA）方程法得到再结晶体积分数实际值,采用3种不同的再结晶体积分数预报模型对实验数据进行回归,并对再结晶体积分数实测值和预报值进行对比。结果表明,Epsilon-S／Epsilon-C模型精度最高,Epsilon-S模型精度次之,Epsilon-P模型精度最差。     

Thermal effects on removal mechanism of monocrystal SiC during micro-laser assisted nanogrinding process

As a hard-brittle material, research into efficient processing methods of monocrystalline SiC with low damage has attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, removal behavior of monocrystalline SiC using micro-laser assisted method is analyzed using molecular dynamics method. This enables an in-depth theoretical analysis of thermal effects on material removal mechanism for 3C–SiC during nanogrinding process. Taking average laser pulse intensity as a variable, the micro deformation mechanism and machinability under the micro-laser assisted method are analyzed in detail. The results show that laser irradiation can directly affect material removal rate and subsurface damage depth of 3C–SiC. The results of this work significantly improve the understanding of the feasibility of micro-laser assisted method and its optimization for 3C–SiC.     

Use of Artificial Neural Network and Image Analysis to Predict Physical Properties of Osmotically Dehydrated Pumpkin

The objectives of this research were to predict, using neural networks, the color intensity (ΔE), percentage of shrinkage as well as the Heywood shape factor, which is the representative of deformation, of osmotically dehydrated and air dried pumpkin pieces. Several osmotic solutions were used including 50% (w/w) sorbitol solution, 50% (w/w) glucose solution, and 50% (w/w) sucrose solution. Optimum artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed based on one to two hidden layers and 10–20 neurons per hidden layer. The ANN models were then tested against an independent data set. The measured values of the color intensity, percentage of shrinkage, and the Heywood shape factor were predicted with R² > 0.90 in all cases, except when all the drying methods were combined in one data set.     

DRYING MODEL WITH NON-ISOTROPIC SHRINKAGE DEFORMATION UNDERGOING SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

A model of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer in a cylindrical sample was coupled with the virtual work principle applicable to a body undergoing shrinkage deformation in two dimensions. Non-constant physical and thermal properties were also incorporated in the model. Governing equations and boundary conditions were solved numerically using Galerkin's finite element method. To check the mathematical model drying experiments were carried out. A cylindrical potato was used as a drying sample. Experimental conditions were as follows: a drying temperature of 333 K, relative humidity of 5.4%, and air velocity of 1.6 m/s. We obtained the central temperature of the sample, average moisture content, and the shrinkage change in the axial and radial directions during drying. It was observed that the shrinkage coefficients in the axial and the radial directions were significantly different during air-drying. Comparison between predicted and experimental results provides satisfactory agreement.