外延生长的Gd掺杂CeO2薄膜内位错的透射电子显微学表征

利用脉冲激光沉积（ pulsed laser depositon, PLD）方法在YSZ（ Y2 O3 stabilised zirconia）单晶衬底上外延生长了Gd掺杂的CeO2薄膜（gadolinium doped CeO2,GDC）。利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）对GDC／YSZ界面以及GDC薄膜内部的位错结构进行了表征。实验发现,界面处存在周期性分布的失配位错,界面失配主要通过失配位错释放。 GDC薄膜内部存在两种不同的位错,其中一种为纯刃型位错,另外一种为混合型位错。     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

FAE战斗部爆炸威力评价方法的分析

在对 FAE的爆炸威力评价方法分析和应用的基本上 ,提出对 FAE战斗部爆炸威力评价的观点 :超压 -冲量毁伤准则是毁伤威力普遍适用的评价依据 ,但在国内外目前冲量测试误差较大的情况下 ,用一定条件下的超压 TNT当量评价 FAE战斗部威力 ,实际证明是可靠和实用的方法 .     

电控天然气/柴油双燃料发动机的研究

本文介绍了作者开发的双燃料发动机电子控制喷射系统的构成和工作原理 ,及该系统的发动机台架试验 .结果表明 ,电控双燃料发动机有较高的经济性和良好的动力性 ,发动机的排放性能也得到部分改善     

秸秆直燃生物质电厂动态发电成本分析

结合火电厂成本研究方法,以月为单位建立生物质发电动态成本分析模型,根据机组容量与负荷特性分摊年固定成本,以生物质发电系统为研究对象计算不同秸秆价所对应发电成本的最大值和最小值,并对发电成本进行了敏感性分析.结果表明:燃料费的变化对生物质电厂发电成本的影响最大,折旧费和厂用电费的影响其次,燃料价格降低10%和20%时,发电成本分别降低5.09%和10.17%.     

Problems of hydrogen application in space power plants and power propulsion plants

Application of hydrogen is a necessary condition to achieve acceptable power and overall-dimensional characteristics of space power and propulsion plants. Some functional elements as part of the plants require protection from hydrogen, which is provided by construction and technological preparation of materials. For subsequent improvement of the plants, it is necessary to look for materials with low hydrogen penetrability in the temperature range of 800–2500 K and also for protective coatings on graphite for conditions of thermocycling in the range of 300–2100 K.     

Hydrogen energy from coupled waste gasification and cement production—a thermochemical concept study

A plant concept for hydrogen production from waste gasification coupled with cement manufacturing is presented. Hot precalcined cement meal, from the operating cement process, is used as heat carrier to provide energy required by the parallel arranged gasifier. The amount of CaO present in the cement meal operates simultaneously as an effective in situ _CO2${\mathrm{CO}}_2$-sorbent. First, a practical case study was devised to be able to perform simulations for estimation of expected hydrogen yield. The influence of different operation parameters of the gasifier and the hydrogen separation unit (steam-to-fuel ratio, pyrolysis temperature, PSA efficiency) was studied based on chemical equilibrium calculations. The simulation results indicate, that the coupling provides advantages for both processes. The production of a hydrogen-rich gas via thermal gasification benefits from the continuously available fresh CaO, which improves fuel conversion reactions and captures _CO2${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ in situ. High-calorific streams from gasification process remaining after hydrogen separation may substitute fossil fuels needed for cement process. For a steam/fuel ratio of 0.3 and a PSA efficiency of 0.7, the calculated hydrogen energy yield is 46% of fuel energy input.     

Degradation of polymer electrolyte membranes

One of the predominant failure modes of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells is the degradation of the PEM, especially when the fuel cell is used for transportation applications. Numerous studies have been carried out regarding this issue but many aspects of the degradation are not yet understood. This paper reviews the available literature regarding membrane degradation, and attempts to classify the degradation modes into three categories: mechanical, thermal and chemical/electrochemical. The factors that contribute to each mode are discussed, along with detailed mechanisms for some degradations. Some possible mitigation strategies are also explored.     

Combustion characteristics of a diesel engine operated with diesel and burning oil of biomass

In this study, burning oil of biomass (BOB) was derived from biomass corncob tar by distillation. The fuel BOB1 was extracted from biomass corncob tar by distilling temperature range from 110 to 220 °C, the fuel BOB2 was extracted from biomass corn tar by distilling temperature over 220 °C. This paper presents that the results in the physical characteristic of BOB as an alternative fuel and a comparative control experiences in unmodified diesel engine. Engine power performance, fuel consumption and emissions (CO₂, CO, HC and NO) have been studied. There was no significant difference in performance between diesel fuel and mixed fuel. The mixed fuel operation produced low fuel consumption at the various loading. Mixed fuel 1 (mixed 10% BOB1 with diesel by volume) and mixed fuel 2 (mixed 10% BOB2 with diesel by volume) with 11.7 and 6.6% oil-economizing rate, had better oil-economizing compare to diesel fuel respectively. The mixed fuel 1 and mixed fuel 2 showed significant improvement at CO₂ emissions.     

船用柴油机排气消声器性能试验台的研制

设计并建造了一种用于船用柴油机排气消声器声学和气动性能试验研究的台架.台架以两个高压离心风机串联增压的方式作为风源,采用航空燃气轮机燃烧室作为燃烧器.烟气的温度和流量由控制系统调节实现,控制系统分自动控制和手动控制,方便操作.初步的试验结果表明：研制的台架气体流量范围0～8 m^3/s,温度调节范围20℃～600℃,可以满足2000 kW以下发动机排气消声器的试验要求.