施工缺陷对超导电缆中间接头内电场分布的影响

中间接头在高温超导电缆中是最薄弱的环节,制造和施工环节中造成的任何缺陷都有可能在运行时产生电场畸变,缩短中间接头使用寿命,施工缺陷严重时可能引发电缆局部放电、击穿等事故。为此本文利用有限元仿真软件分析了绝缘层划伤、绝缘层杂质、超导带焊接毛刺三种典型施工缺陷对接头内电场分布的影响规律。研究结果表明,绝缘层划伤存在空气隙时,最大电场强度随着空气隙厚度增加而减小;而当空气隙厚度保持不变时,最大场强与空气隙长度呈正相关增大。绝缘层残留杂质时,半导电层切断处、超导带焊接部位附近的绝缘层杂质周围电场畸变最严重,且超导带焊接部位周围最大场强大于半导电层切断处。此外,杂质大小、位置及带电与否均会对电场造成很大影响。随着杂质半径增加,超导带焊接部位和半导电层切断附近杂质周围场强近似呈正比例增长;杂质不同电荷量和电性对电场畸变程度同样有重大影响,特别是当部分杂质为电负性时,周围最大场强均超过5MV/m。超导带焊接毛刺的位置及大小对场强有较大影响,其中在超导带焊接部位与绝缘层分界面处场强最大,且沿超导带焊接部位径向的毛刺周围场强高于沿轴向的场强。研究成果为分析超导电缆故障原因,制定接头施工工艺提供一定参考。     

提高注塑制品尺寸精度的有效途径

本文着重从成型设备、工艺和原材料等方面,分析影响塑件尺寸精度的各种因素,并指出一些容易忽视但又比较重要的影响因素     

不同结构态的堇青石的合成

本文论述了堇青石的两种同质多相，即低温堇青石和高温堇青石的合成工艺。应用烧结法成功地合成了高纯度低温堇青石。讨论了添加剂对于堇青石合成的影响。     

Friction stir welding of 6 mm thick carbon steel underwater and in air

Abstract

This study compared the mechanical and microstructural properties produced during friction stir welding of S275 structural steel in air and underwater. Post-weld tests assessed the tensile strength, microhardness, distortion, Charpy impact toughness and fatigue performance in each case. The study showed that there was no significant difference in the strength, hardness or fatigue life of the air and underwater specimens. However, Charpy impact toughness was shown to decrease for the underwater specimens and was attributed to the presence of a slightly less angular grain structure than the samples welded in air. Reduced angular and longitudinal distortion was observed in the underwater welded plate compared to the plate welded in air.     

A spectroscopic analysis of conformational distortion in the α′ phase of poly(lactic acid)

Simulations in conjunction with Raman scattering were performed to determine the conformational distortion of the α′ form of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Based on packing constraints of an overall helical structure, the chain conformation can only be approximated by slight deviations from a tg’t chain conformation. Models were generated with different types of random departures from the expected dihedral angles. Raman active vibrations in the 700 cm⁻¹ region that are sensitive to changes in chain conformation were analyzed. The model that showed the best fit to the experimental data contains a majority (80%) of tg’t-10₃ sequences with randomly distributed tg’t-3₁ units. Departure of the O-C_α dihedral angle was also proved. The mechanism of order formation was established. As PLA chains crystallize at low temperatures, only the α′ phase with a disordered helix can be formed which at elevated temperatures can transform to the more ordered α phase. The conformation distortion is then due to the inability for some chains to complete the transition to 10₃ helicity, thus resulting in the formation of the distorted α′ structure.     

关于小径管环向对接接头射线检测中缺陷透照畸变的分析

在小径管环向对接焊接接头射线检测中,按照JB/T 4730.2—2005标准规定,由于结构原因不能进行多次透照时,可采用椭圆成像或重叠成像方式透照一次。在小径管环向对接焊接接头射线检测时,由于射线穿透的管件厚度变化大,因此底片上所反映的缺陷畸变的长度和黑度不同。研究这些变化的特点,可以正确评定底片上的缺陷,并对焊缝质量的评定尽可能准确无误,根据这些特点将透照成像后的椭圆影像和重叠影像分为四个评定区域进行了分析。     

Advantages of low pressure carburising and high pressure gas quenching technology in manufacturing

Abstract

Over the last decade, vacuum carburising in combination with high pressure gas quenching (HPGQ) has become a preferred technology in gear industry mainly in Europe and North America. Driven by cost savings in manufacturing of gears and shafts, the heat treatment process has gone into the focus of the manufacturers. The potential of savings in heat treatment is huge because the new technology allows the integration into the manufacturing chain of gears and shafts. With vacuum heat treatment furnaces is it possible to implement this integration into manufacturing. The advantages of vacuum technology are in particular: the absence of surface oxidation, the cold wall technology, the gas quenching technology, the reduced logistics, flexible reaction on the needs of production and the control of distortion. In parallel to the development of the new heat treat process, a second point came into the focus of manufacturers: the choice of material. The industry recognised that by choosing a slightly higher alloyed material, significant savings in the entire manufacturing chain can be realised: smaller grinding stock, faster carburising cycles, gas quenching with control of distortion, and ultimately the reduction/elimination of grinding- and straightening operations. Vacuum furnaces are flexible in their reaction to the production requirements. Only with these types of heat treatment furnaces is it possible to switch them off after use and save immediately energy and costs. This benefit was essential for the industry in 2008/09 during the world economic crisis. In the past, the automotive industry in Europe and North America mostly ran on conventional pusher type furnaces which must be kept on operating temperature even if only 50% of installed production capacity is needed. The vacuum furnace of type ModulTherm is a multi-chamber system and each chamber can be switched On or Off according to the production plan which finally saves a huge amount of cost for energy. This paper presents the advantages of the vacuum carburising technology with high pressure gas quenching. The author will demonstrate with examples and comparisons the benefits of vacuum technology and the successfully integration of heat treatment in the manufacturing chain.     

一种镜头几何畸变标定的快速算法

提出了一种基于直线的镜头畸变参数快速线性解法。根据空间直线上的点在图像平面上的理想投影仍然共线的特点，将点的理想投影图像坐标用畸变后的图像坐标表示，用畸变后曲线的拟合直线斜率代替原直线的斜率，得出了关于畸变系数的线性方程组，可方便地应用线性最小二乘法求解。仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

对相位测量若干问题的探讨

相位是无线电技术中的一个重要参数，本文通过几组数据的分析，找出了不同型号的相位计测量同一信号时，示值不统一的原因。介绍了几种不同型号的相位计，由于信号失真引入的测量误差。