基于类噪声信号的等值负荷惯量两阶段辨识方法

负荷惯量的准确、在线估计是电力系统电压和频率稳定分析的重要基础。为此,提出了一种基于类噪声的负荷惯量辨识方法,基于系统中时刻存在的类噪声信号跟踪等值负荷惯量的时变特性。考虑到类噪声条件下惯量参数可辨识性较差,采用两阶段辨识的思路,首先对负荷的电磁参数进行辨识,然后基于第一阶段辨识得到的状态变量估计出惯量、转矩系数等机电参数。仿真算例和实测数据分析表明,所提负荷惯量辨识方法能够适应不同变转矩情形下负荷惯量的类噪声辨识需求;相较于恒转矩辨识方法,该方法能够更加准确地反映实际负荷的机电暂态特性,得到稳定、可靠的惯量辨识结果。     

高速移动通信系统中OTFS分数多普勒信道估计加窗研究

针对正交时频空间(OTFS)调制系统中分数多普勒信道对应的物理路径信道状态信息估计困难及计算复杂度较高等问题,该文提出一种节省导频资源的脉冲匹配滤波(PRS-PMF)信道估计算法。该算法首先使用数据与导频联合成帧的嵌入式辅助导频方法获得等效信道的估计,然后通过互相关匹配滤波估计出各路径信道状态信息,相比于传统的脉冲导频互相关匹配滤波信道估计算法,能够在降低计算复杂度的同时减少导频资源的占用。在此基础上,对OTFS系统加窗,减少窗口响应主瓣的整数样点数量并降低旁瓣电平,有效改善了等效信道多普勒响应函数的自相关特性,从而降低了其他符号及噪声对估计符号的干扰。     

快速扫描机载气象雷达多普勒解模糊算法

本文针对机载气象雷达前视快速扫描下的多普勒模糊问题,提出了两种多普勒解模糊算法：基于改进方位向波束形成算法和基于阻塞矩阵算法。基于改进方位向波束形成算法在传统的Capon波束形成的基础上,利用空间谱积分的方法对非期望信号协方差矩阵进行重构和对导向矢量进行估计,进一步提高了算法的鲁棒性,降低方位角估计误差;基于阻塞矩阵算法需要估计导向矢量,并利用导向矢量计算阻塞矩阵,将接收信号进行多普勒模糊相消预处理,阻塞每个多普勒频点的模糊多普勒分量,以达到解模糊的目的。通过仿真实验证明,两种方法均可以有效地恢复信号的多普勒信息,其中基于阻塞矩阵算法与基于改进方位向波束形成算法相比,有更优良的性能,并有更小的运算量。     

Testing Concrete E‐modulus at Very Early Ages Through Several Techniques: An Inter‐laboratory Comparison

The design of concrete structures is based on calculation rules, which often do not take into account the very early age behaviour of the material. However, during this period, structural concrete is subjected to strains due to the hydration process of cement. If these strains are restrained by concrete itself or surrounding boundaries, stresses start to build up that can lead to the formation of cracks. Among the parameters involved in the stress build up, the stiffness evolution is of major importance. This paper reports the use of eight different techniques aimed at stiffness evolution assessment, applied on the same concrete mix, in a round robin experimental test within three laboratories. The observations are compared after having expressed the results at the same equivalent age. Both the loading stress rate and amplitude are observed to have an effect of limited importance on the determination of the quasi‐static elastic modulus, which might be explained by very short term creep. Ultrasonic measurements provide values of E‐modulus that are higher than the values provided by the quasi‐static tests at the time of the concrete setting. Similar mechanisms associated to very short term creep could explain the difference between the quasi‐static and high‐frequency elastic modulus.     

一种岩心样品横波速度的实验室测量方法

准确测量声波在不同类型岩心中的传播速度是岩心声学性质分析的基础。一般实验室利用超声波透射法所测试的岩心样品均为小尺寸岩心样品。在测量小尺寸岩心样品横波波速时,难以消除的纵波余震信号会对横波的识别产生干扰。提出了一个在实验室内测量小尺寸岩心样品中横波波速的"辅助块"超声波透射波测试方案,较好地实现了纵横波的分离,减小了横波波速的测量误差,提高了岩心样品横波波速测试的精度。给出了上述测量方案和测量实例分析,该方法亦可用于一般固体样品中横波波速的测量。     

一种基于GTD模型和状态空间处理的运动目标超宽带散射中心提取方法

超宽带条件下散射中心的不同运动将对参数提取造成影响.基于GTD模型和状态空间处理,本文提出了一种针对运动目标的超宽带散射中心提取方法.该方法首先将超宽带条件下的目标GTD散射模型转化为状态空间方程,通过奇异值分解提取散射中心的径向距离和径向速度信息;然后由标准正交向量基降维表示散射中心在整个带宽上的类型参数信息,采用遍历方法和最小二范数准则求解出散射中心的类型参数信息;最后基于最小二乘法求解出散射中心的散射强度.文中同时给出了各参数估计的CR界.仿真结果验证了文中方法的有效性,该方法可同时提取散射中心径向距离、径向速度、散射强度和类型参数信息,从而有利于各散射中心的跟踪和整体目标的有效识别.     

Missile target automatic recognition from its decoys based on image time-series

As the development of the technology for radar target recognition, missile target automatic recognition has received considerable attention in recent years. Missile target, compared with the plane target, is hard to recognize for its smallness, feebleness and maneuver. In this paper, a new recognition method based on radar image time-series, which can significantly reduce the recognition time and classification error, is proposed. The image time-series are produced by range instantaneous Doppler imaging algorithm firstly, and then cross-range scaling of the images is processed. In particular, the inertia ratio, extracted from the obtained image time-series, is introduced to distinguish the missile from decoys. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by application to simulated data and it has been shown that this method has the potential to be used in a number of real-time applications.     

Improving the SMAC atmospheric correction code by analysis of Meteosat Second Generation NDVI and surface reflectance data

In order to obtain high quality data, the correction of atmospheric perturbations acting upon land surface reflectance measurements recorded by a space-based sensor is an important topic within remote sensing. For many years the Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) radiative transfer model and the Simplified Method for Atmospheric Correction (SMAC) codes have been used for this atmospheric correction, but previous studies have shown that in a number of situations the quality of correction provided by the SMAC is low. This paper describes a method designed to improve the quality of the SMAC atmospheric correction algorithm through a slight increase in its computational complexity. Data gathered from the SEVIRI aboard Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) is used to validate the additions to SMAC, both by comparison to simulated data corrected using the highly accurate 6S method and by comparison to in-situ and 6S corrected SEVIRI data gathered for two field sites in Africa. The additions to the SMAC are found to greatly increase the quality of atmospheric correction performed, as well as broaden the range of atmospheric conditions under which the SMAC can be applied. When examining the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the relative difference between SMAC and in-situ values decreases by 1.5% with the improvements in place. Similarly, the mean relative difference between SMAC and 6S reflectance values decreases by a mean of 13, 14.5 and 8.5% for Channels 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Furthermore, the processing speed of the SMAC is found to remain largely unaffected, with only a small increase in the time taken to process a full SEVIRI scene. Whilst the method described within this paper is only applicable to SEVIRI data, a similar approach can be applied to other data sources than SEVIRI, and should result in a similar accuracy improvement no matter which instrument supplies the original data.     

基于高动态运动模型的多普勒频移仿真

为更好地实现高动态链路中的载波捕获跟踪,以高动态载体在临近空间中的各种简单运动模型为依据,对载体相对于临近空间接收平台的多普勒频移变化趋势进行描述和仿真,在此基础上分析多普勒频移对载波同步产生的影响。理论分析和仿真结果表明,基于高动态载体运动模型的多普勒频移变化曲线能够正确描述高动态运动方式下的多普勒频移变化趋势。     

Highly efficient switched‐mode transmitter using a current mode class‐D RF amplifier

This article presents a switched‐mode transmitter architecture using a current mode class‐D (CMCD) amplifier. To achieve high average efficiency for a modulated signal the envelope of the complex baseband signal is transformed into pulses such that the CMCD amplifier is operated either at its peak efficiency or completely switched off. The CMCD amplifier has been designed based on single‐tone active harmonic load‐pull measurements to achieve a power‐added efficiency (PAE) of 61.5% with 25 W output power at 900 MHz using LDMOS FETs. Removing the losses of the demodulation filter and of the amplifier a 10% higher efficiency than in an ideal class‐B amplifier can be obtained for burst‐mode operation with a peak‐to‐average power ratio of 10 dB. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2010.