A complete miniaturized microstructured methanol fuel processor/fuel cell system for low power applications

A complete miniaturized methanol fuel processor/fuel cell system was developed and put into operation as compact hydrogen supplier for low power application. The whole system consisting of a micro-structured evaporator, a micro-structured reformer and two stages of preferential oxidation of CO (PROX) reactor, micro-structured catalytic burner, and fuel cell was operated to evaluate the performance of the whole production line from methanol to electricity. The performance of micro methanol steam reformer and PROX reactor was systematically investigated. The effect of reaction temperature, steam to carbon ratio, and contact time on the methanol steam reformer performance is presented in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, and reformate yield. The performance of PROX reactor fed with the reformate produced by the reformer reactor was evaluated by the variation of reaction temperature and oxygen to CO ratio. The results demonstrate that micro-structured device may be an attractive power source candidate for low power application.     

Simulation of methane conversion to syngas in a membrane reactor. Part II: Model predictions

A one-dimensional non-isothermal model was employed in the simulation of partial oxidation of methane to syngas in a dense oxygen permeation membrane reactor. The model predicts that if methane is consumed completely in the reactor, a temperature runaway occurs. The reactor inlet temperature is chosen as a major factor to demonstrate the correlativity of the reactor performance and this phenomenon. A borderline inlet temperature (BIT) is defined. Simulation results showed that when the reactor inlet temperature approaches this value, an optimized reactor performance is achieved. This temperature increases with the increase of the air flow rate and carbon space velocity. The surface exchange kinetics at the oxygen-rich side has a small effect on this temperature, while that at the oxygen-lean side has a significant effect.     

Hydrogen production from ethanol steam reforming: energy efficiency analysis of traditional and membrane processes

The ethanol steam reforming reaction has been considered for producing pure hydrogen to be used for feeding a PEM fuel cell of power 4 kW. As an innovative technology, Pd–Ag thin wall membranes are proposed for building membrane reactors: accordingly, the energy efficiency analysis of the processes producing hydrogen from ethanol steam reforming has been carried out and, particularly, the comparison among a traditional process and different membrane processes is reported.     

基于流态改进的仓式微电解反应器处理油田废水研究

针对传统型Fe-C微电解反应器(1~#)易堵塞、易短流的缺点,设计了改进型仓式微电解反应器(2~#),并比较了两种反应器对胜利油田某采油厂废水的处理效果。结果表明,在pH值为4、进水流速为0.2m/s、反应区高度为40cm、进水COD值为480mg/L的条件下,2#和1#最佳反应时间分别为30min和60min,COD去除率分别为86%和70%,浊度去除率分别为98.4%和94%。2~#反应器通过改善流态,增大了废水与电解质材料的接触面积,缩短了水力停留时间,提高了COD和浊度的去除率。某油田的中试结果表明,2#反应器对高浓措施废液悬浮物、黏度、总铁、总硬度平均去除率分别为38.78%～42.31%、12.54%～32.38%、69.23%～71.17%和37.29%～61.76%,较改进前均有较大提高,处理后水质达到该油田采出水回注技术指标要求。     

林达大型低压甲醇合成塔在内蒙天野20万吨/年装置上的应用

简要介绍了林达均温型甲醇塔在内蒙天野20万t/a甲醇装置开车及初步运行情况。运行情况验证了该反应器的先进性,其催化剂床层测温点多、温度分布均匀、运行稳定。     

VRDS装置增加上流式反应器的技术分析

介绍了世界上第1套上流式反应器技术(UFR)在胜利炼油厂渣油加氢脱硫(VRDS)装置的生产运行情况。结果表明:UFR技术可以极大地优化VRDS装置的运转,减少装置运转的苛刻度,有效地延长装置运转周期,提高装置的经济效益。     

加氢反应器制造技术的新进展

随着加氢装置的大型化,对加氢反应器的设计、主体材质的选用及制造均提出了新的、更高的要求。文章较全面地介绍了国内外加氢反应器的设计准则、主体材质(抗氢钢)和制造技术等方面的新进展。     

焦化汽油加氢精制反应器床层压降升高的原因及对策

加氢精制（一）B装置在焦化汽油加氢精制过程中存在催化剂床层压降升高过快的问题，分析认为，造成该问题的主要原因为换热器壳程结焦现象严重、原料油内金属杂质沉积、原料油性质在中间储存过程中发生变化。通过对原料油流程的优化及对相关设备管线进行清洗和吹扫等手段，使该装置催化剂床层压降稳定在0．1MPa以下。     

自励式可控饱和电抗器

简要介绍自励式可控饱和电抗器的线路结构和工作原理，其特点是应用品闸管和续流二级管产生直流偏磁，井可连续平滑控制可控饱和电抗器的负载电流。可控饱和电抗器无需另设直流绕组，也无需产生直流偏磁用的直流电源。