气垫轴承捻股机

在６／２００和１８／２００捻股机上采用气垫轴承支承装置表明,捻股机的转速较用托轮支承可成倍地提高,且噪音低,无温升,轴面与筒体摩擦力小。支承装置寿命长,是捻股机先进的支承装置之一。     

寒冷地区混凝土面板堆石坝垫层的设计

对于寒冷地区的钢筋混凝土面板堆石坝，应根据水库运行特征分区考虑垫层的设计．冬季水位以上区域重点考虑防冻涨问题；水位以下区域考虑垫层的基础及防渗两种功能协调共同发挥作用的问题．对于寒冷地区，垫层宽度的选择是造价、可靠性和施工进度要求的综合考虑结果．施工方法也是设计寒冷地区面板坝时必须考虑的主要因素之一．     

考虑垫底气回收价值及资金时间价值的盐穴型地下储气库储气费计算方法

我国的地下储气库(以下简称储气库)与油气管道捆绑运营,没有单独的定价机制,计算储气库储气费时也未充分考虑资金的时间价值及油气藏型、盐穴型储气库垫底气的回收价值,导致计算结果的准确性欠佳。未来储气库实行独立、市场化运营是必然趋势,因而需要建立一种符合我国储气库运营模式的储气费定价机制。为此,以国内某盐穴型储气库建设投资项目为例,采用二分法建立了一种考虑垫底气可回收的储气费计算模型,计算出该储气库在不同内部收益率下的储气费,并分析了影响储气费的主要因素。结果表明:(1)当储气费为1.02元/m~3时,可满足内部收益率8%的要求;(2)在盐穴储气库工作气量确定的情况下,年储转次数(储气库年实际注采气量与年设计工作气量的比值)是影响储气费的最重要因素,地下及地面工程等建设投资的影响次之,而经营成本的影响最小;(3)在储转次数大于1.4时,盐穴储气库注采运行的工作效率达到最大,建议将盐穴储气库的储转次数设定为1.4。结论认为:该储气费计算方法在保证能获得一定利润的前提下,充分考虑了资金的时间价值以及垫底气的回收价值,计算得到的储气费较为合理,可推广到类似盐穴型储气库的应用计算。     

紫坪铺水利枢纽垫层管取代伸缩节的地震响应分析

结合紫坪铺水利枢纽工程的实际，采用三维有限元方法对该工程发电引水系统取消伸缩节后的抗震性能进行了研究。计算结果表明，主厂房上游永久分缝处以一段垫层管代替常规伸缩节以后，压力管道在地震荷载和内水压力等荷载组合作用下，结构的动力响应可以满足使用要求。从而达到取消伸缩节、节省工程投资的目的。     

印尼凝灰质粘性土工程特性及地基方案优化

国华印尼穆印电厂属BOO项目,工程场地由第三系凝灰质细粒土组成,具有含水量高、孔隙比大和高塑性等工程特性。地基处理选择中,通过调整总平面布置、垫层试验研究和全面论证,采用厚度达7m的砂砾石垫层换填,放弃了在印尼当地技术难以实现、质量控制难度大、施工工期长和综合造价高的钻孔灌注桩方案。建筑物沉降观测表明,沉降量和沉降差在容许范围内,方案是经济合理和成功有效的。     

考虑水平（切向）位移影响的垫层孔隙内土工膜顶胀

The common cushion layer used in the geomembrane face rockfill dam is made of granular materials such as gravel and non-fine concrete where bulge deformation or failure of geomembrane is very likely to occur in its surface holes. The curve intersection method based on the thin film theory is the common method used to analyze the bulge deformation of the geomembrane in the surface holes of cushion layer. However, it is inaccurate due to the neglection of horizontal (tangential) displacement of the geomembrane. Based on the FEM theory, a new method is proposed, which takes the horizontal (tangential) displacement of geomembrane into consideration, and is validated by the bulge tests on the geomembrane in a circular hole. The deformations and strains of the geomembrane in different shapes of holes are analyzed by this method, and different strain distributions and failure modes are obtained. The curve intersection method is also used to compare with the new method under the same condition. It is indicated that there is less difference in the deformation and average strain of the geomembrane when the water pressure is low. However, when the water pressure is relatively high, the influences of horizontal (tangential) displacement of the geomembrane on its strain should not be neglected.     

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Migration Law of Gas Mixture Using Carbon Dioxide as Cushion Gas in Underground Gas Storage Reservoir

One of the major technical challenges in using carbon dioxide（ CO2） as part of the cushion gas of the underground gas storage reservoir（ UGSR） is the mixture of CO2and natural gas. To decrease the mixing extent and manage the migration of the mixed zone,an understanding of the mechanism of CO2and natural gas mixing and the diffusion of the mixed gas in aquifer is necessary. In this paper,a numerical model based on the three dimensional gas-water two-phase flow theory and gas diffusion theory is developed to understand this mechanism. This model is validated by the actual operational data in Dazhangtuo UGSR in Tianjin City,China.Using the validated model,the mixed characteristic of CO2and natural gas and the migration mechanism of the mixed zone in an underground porous reservoir is further studied. Particularly,the impacts of the following factors on the migration mechanism are studied： the ratio of CO2injection,the reservoir porosity and the initial operating pressure. Based on the results,the optimal CO2injection ratio and an optimal control strategy to manage the migration of the mixed zone are obtained. These results provide technical guides for using CO2as cushion gas for UGSR in real projects.     

软上地基上加筋碎石垫层工作性状试验研究

通过模型试验研究了加筋和不加筋碎石垫层在软土地基上的承载特性,分析了垫层厚度、加筋材料、加筋层数、筋体布置位置等因素对垫层承载特性的影响。结果表明：垫层厚度对地基沉降影响明显,合理的垫层厚度能有效地降低地基的沉降;加筋后的碎石垫层对降低地基沉降的效果更明显,同等条件下,土工格室的加筋效果优于土工格栅;加筋层数及筋体布置位置对加垫碎石垫层承载特性有一定影响,层数越多加筋效果越好,将筋体布置在垫层下部时效果最好;加垫层能在一定程度上提高地基基床系数,其中土工格室加筋碎石垫层对提高地基基床系数效果最好。     

多点模具的拉形工艺及其数值模拟

为检验多点模具拉形工艺的可行性,采用显式有限元软件对抛物柱面与马鞍面件的拉形过程进行了数值模拟,并与采用整体模具的拉形效果进行了比较。数值模拟结果表明:使用多点模具直接进行蒙皮拉形,成形件表面将出现压痕。为抑制压痕,必须在多点模具与板料之间放置弹性垫层。弹性垫能够有效地分散多点模具冲头的集中载荷。当弹性垫较薄时,成形件表面仍有压痕出现,当弹性垫厚度达到8 mm时,压痕被消除,成形表面光滑,与整体模具的成形结果非常接近。实验表明:只要采用合适的弹性垫,多点模具可应用于实际拉形工艺。     

加筋垫层法处理涵洞吹填土地基

结合吹填土的工程特性,介绍了涵洞吹填土地基的处理原则及流程。通过有限元计算模型的建立,对加筋垫层法处理涵洞地基的效果进行了研究,分析了不同的垫层宽度、厚度、土性参数和不同格栅层数、间距及刚度时,涵洞的土压力及位移规律,并对多层加筋时格栅的轴向拉力进行了分析。结果表明：加筋垫层法能有效地减小吹填土地基上涵洞的沉降,涵顶土压力随加筋垫层宽度的增大而减小,随垫层厚度的增加呈非线性增大,并逐渐趋于稳定;格栅层数和格栅刚度的增加对减小涵体沉降有一定的作用,但同时会使涵顶土压力增大。