“西气东输”与我国石油安全

“西气东输”对开发西部、发展西部经济、优化我国能源结构、改善环境有重要意义。中国油气资源的短缺是一个不争的事实。为了弥补我国油气资源短缺 ,也为了我国石油安全和国家安全 ,我们要以“西气东输”为契机 ,大力发展天然气工业 ,建立陆上国际油气运输通道 ,充分利用俄罗斯和中亚地区的丰富天然气资源。连接“西气东输”管线与国外 (特别是中亚 )输气管线将是我国 2 1世纪的有重大战略意义的决策     

Effect of omission of machine stripping on milk production and parlor throughput in East Friesian dairy ewes

Due to the large cisternal storage capacity and non-vertical teat placement in most dairy ewes, machine stripping is commonly performed to remove milk not obtained by the machine. However, stripping requires individual manual intervention, lengthens the milking routine, and could inadvertently lead to overmilking of other ewes in the parlor. The objective of the present experiment was to estimate the effect of omission of machine stripping on milk production and parlor throughput. East Friesian crossbred dairy ewes that had been machine milked and stripped twice daily from d 0 to 79 postpartum, were randomly assigned to two stripping treatments for the remainder of lactation: normal stripping (S, n = 24), or no stripping (NS, n = 24). The NS ewes yielded 14% less commercial milk during the experiment, but had similar lactation length, milk composition, and somatic cell count compared to S ewes. Average machine milk yield (amount of milk obtained without manual intervention) tended to be greater for NS compared to S ewes. Average machine-on time for S ewes was longer than for NS ewes because of stripping, which may have resulted in over-milking of many ewes in the S group. Results from a milking simulation indicated that parlor throughput would increase by 33%, and overmilking would not occur when stripping was omitted from the milking routine. These results collectively suggest that residual milk left in the udder as a result of omission of machine stripping does not negatively influence milk quality and the loss in commercial milk yield could be compensated for by improved parlor throughput.     

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为系统认识西湖凹陷浙东中央背斜带的油气分布规律,优化勘探目标选择,推进油气勘探与开发进程,应用含油气系统理论和量模拟技术,对组成浙东中央背斜带油气系统的基本地质要素与成藏作用过程进行了综合分析。研究表明,始新统平湖组泥岩与煤层为该区主力烃源岩,具较高有机质丰度与生、排烃强度;浙新统花洪组砂质岩是最重要的储集岩;花港组上段泥岩为区域性盖层;圈闭发育与油气生、排、运聚的配置关系良好,是烃类聚集的理想场所;该区存在４个含油气系统,多属天然气系统,其中中平湖组一花港组系统为最主要的含油气系统,其油气生成聚集效率高,是本区目前主要的油气勘探对象,整体上,浙东中央背斜带具良好的含油气系统形成的地质要素和较为复杂的成藏作用过程,具有备形成大、中型气田的基本油气地质条件,具有广阔的天然气勘探前景。     

积极探索开拓未来为抽水蓄能电站建设作出更大贡献

由华东勘测设计研究院勘测设计的天荒坪抽水蓄能电站是华东地区第一座大型抽水蓄能电站,也是我国单个厂房装机容量最大,水头最高的抽水蓄能电站,为适应改革开放后经济发展的需要,华东院积极探索深度开发华东地区水能资源的方法,步骤和目标,重点研究了开发抽水蓄能电站的经济性和必要性,为抽水蓄能事业的发展作出了贡献,在天荒坪电站建设中,为适应新的建设管理体制,华东院牢固树立“为工程服务,为业主服务”的思想,坚持科技进步,取得了一系列科技成果,并积极参与工程监理,锻炼了队伍,培养了人才。     

南水北调东线工程泵站自动化系统设计与应用

本文简述了东线工程在整个南水北调工程建设中的重要作用和意义,介绍了南水北调东线工程泵站自动化系统的设计原则、系统组成、系统结构和系统功能,以及在金湖站的成功应用,系统具有技术先进、运行稳定可靠、使用灵活方便、便于维护等技术特点,并在此基础上,对泵站自动化系统的未来发展趋势做了展望。     

论述InTouch软件在水务系统中的应用

本文介绍了InTouch软件具有的功能特性,以及如何在实际的工程项目中灵活地使用InTouch软件.特别是InTouch软件在深圳市东江水源工程管理处供水工程自动化监控系统中的应用,实现了对现场设备进行"现地"或"远程"监控和管理,降低了开发和使用成本,提高了经济效益.     

Internet Authorship: Social and Political Implications Within Kyrgyzstan

This paper presents the results of our corroborated study of grassroots Internet sites and authors in the nation of Kyrgyzstan, exceptional in Central Asia for its deregulated Internet policy. The study presents a set of semistructured interviews with notable grassroots Internet authors and activists, including bloggers, forum participants, and journalists, and analyzes this data via a critical communication and media studies lens to point to significant implications on emergent social, cultural, and political movements in the nation.     

Critical Success Factors for Bond Financing of Construction Projects in Asia

Although bonds have been commonly used for financing construction works in developed countries such as the United States, Asian governments would like to see their construction growth increasingly funded by alternative sources such as the capital market, instead of overrelying on bank loans. Yet even in relatively active markets such as Hong Kong and Singapore, the use of bond financing for infrastructure development is limited. In a recent study based on two questionnaire surveys with subsequent interviews about retail and institutional investors, results demonstrated that credit risk was a major concern and that deterrents include lack of bond market information, illiquidity of domestic bonds, and the reliability of external credit ratings. Institutional investors, however, welcome infrastructure bonds because of the stable income stream matching their long-term commitments. To address these practical concerns, we have proposed credit and liquidity enhancement measures in this paper as the critical success factors for international construction promoters to tap into the bond market for financing construction works in Asia. Hence, this paper will be of interest to academics and practitioners who are working on project financing, because empirical findings reveal investors’ concerns, which are then addressed with recommendations.     

Build-Operate-Transfer-Type Procurement in Asian Megaprojects

Lessons are drawn from the recent resurgence in public-private partnerships for the procurement of large scale infrastructure, with a focus on Asian megaprojects. BOT (build-operate-transfer)-type win-win cooperation aligns well with the paradigm shift that has repeatedly been called for in addressing construction industry shortfalls. However, the many volatile variables involved and the limited experience in dealing with the special risks encountered highlights the need for decision support frameworks to evaluate and select the optimal from among: (1) potential BOT-type projects; (2) prospective franchisees; and (3) innovative project financing packages. Such frameworks should include appropriate success criteria and indicators for their evaluation. Benchmarking of good practices would establish reasonable ranges of values for such indicators. Identification of critical success factors, classifications of common risks, and comparisons of recent experiences on BOT-type projects lead to recommendations for the development of a “BOT body of knowledge” with related guidelines and toolkits. These would assist both public and private sector decision makers considering BOT-type modalities to attain multiple win-win-win targets that benefit their respective interests, as well as those of the general public end users.