The reality of living in passive solar homes: A user-experience study

This paper presents a study of a user-experience survey about living in passive solar homes. It was carried out at the Energy Park located in the western part of Milton Keynes. The survey focuses on the reality of living in passive solar homes as perceived or experienced by the occupant. It is hoped that the findings would come to bear on strategic passive solar design decisions that would address the improvement of the well-being of the occupant.. The survey is aimed at assessing user satisfaction with the overall performance of their homes as well as a study of some of the problems that are believed to be common in passive solar housing.Results from the survey seem to indicate that the majority of those who buy passive solar homes are motivated to do so by a desire for thermal comfort at low cost. The building aesthetics is the second most important factor, showing that passive solar home lovers are also conscious of the quality of the architectural design. The overall performance of passive solar homes in this study, with regard to thermal and visual comfort, seems to be generally satisfactory. Statistical analysis showed some significant association between some important environmental design parameters.     

办公自动化系统在县域供电企业推广应用

办公自动化（OA）系统已成为供电企业信息化的重要组成部分。早期的办公自动化系统存在着数据信息流转速度较慢,安全性不够,对数据信息的处理、统计和分析比较繁琐,在沟通、协作和控制等方面存在不足。随着自动化程度的提高,目前电网企业办公自动化系统已经由早期以数据为核心发展到以信息为核心,继而提升到以系统的业务运用为核心模式。     

办公小技巧,服务为生活——如何挖掘办公软件的小技巧

在现代社会,电子办公已成为人们不可或缺的工作模式。它节省了我们时间,提高了工作的效率。可以说,电脑已经真正成为了人们的左膀右臂。对于常用电脑的白领阶层,除了要掌握最基本的电脑软件的使用之外,还需要把握一些小窍门,以进一步提高工作效率。     

浅谈在AutoCAD环境下的“母线”提取应用

随着AutoCAD在地形图中的应用,对其进行了二次开发,使其能方便的用于制图,有很多开发者喜欢用"块线型"来表示一些线状地物。作者通过自己分析AutoCAD三种不同类型的"母线"存放方式,总结出统一的"母线"提取办法。避免重新数字化的麻烦,大大的减少了工作量,节省了宝贵的时间,方便了作图,提高了工作效率。     

结晶器液压振动技术在梅山高效连铸中的应用

为了得到较好的铸坯表面质量,满足生产高附加值、高技术含量的钢种要求,梅山炼钢厂在2#高效连铸机上引进了国际上较先进的结晶器液压振动技术,具体介绍了该结晶器液压振动技术的基本参数和实际应用。     

我国节能减排的现状、问题与解决路径-一个文献综述

我国的节能减排问题日趋突出。本文从文献梳理角度对我国节能减排的现状、存在的问题以及解决路径进行了述评。研究显示,我国节能减排潜力巨大,节能减排效率低下。直接原因是由于我国产业结构、外贸结构、FDI 结构以及技术结构不合理造成的,但其背后更深层次的原因主要体现在：（1）GDP锦标赛下政治晋升制度的不合理导致了环境的负外部性;（2）激励与约束机制不完善导致政府缺乏节能减排的动力;（3）分税制的不完善导致了我国产业结构的不合理。为此,我们需要从优化产业结构、调整外贸结构、弱化 FDI的“污染避难所”效应以及增强技术进步效应入手,通过改革 GDP 锦标赛下政治晋升制度、完善激励与约束机制、调整财税体制等途径解决我国节能减排问题。     

A NOTE ON THE REDUCED EFFICIENCY OF THE INDUSTRIAL CYCLONE

In this paper a theoretical investigation into the basis of the reduced efficiency of a conical cyclone is performed. By considering the flow in a region where viscosity is unimportant an analytical solution to the problem is obtained. From this model the performance of the cyclone is evaluated and this can be expressed in terms of three operating and design parameters. One of these parameters is the split ratio, that is the proportion of the volume of fluid entering the cyclone which goes to the underflow. It is demonstrated mathematically that the empirical formula for the reduced efficiency at present in common use is a very good absolute measure of the separating ability of a cyclone.     

Practical Design Model for Calculating Bubble Diffuser Contactor Ozone Transfer Efficiency

Ozone transfer to water or wastewater is necessary before desirable, effective ozone reactions occur. Several factors affect ozone transfer efficiency, including water quality characteristics, contactor configuration, and applied ozone characteristics. The design model presented in this paper addresses all factors affecting ozone transfer. The model was used to compare measured transfer efficiency with predicted transfer efficiency at four full-scale wastewater ozone disinfection facilities. A relatively good prediction was obtained at each plant.

The paper presents an example calculation of ozone transfer efficiency. Also, the effect of changes to some of the factors affecting transfer efficiency is presented, such as changes in diffuser depth, plant elevation, ozone concentration, water quality (i.e., ozone demand), pH, detention time, temperature, and acombination of factors. The design model may be used to evaluate the effect of changes in plant design on transfer efficiency, but cannot provide an absolute value for transfer efficiency until difficult-to-measure parameters, such as bubble diameter, are known.     

Optimal maintenance planning for sustainable energy efficiency lighting retrofit projects by a control system approach

The energy savings achieved by implementing energy efficiency (EE) lighting retrofit projects are sometimes not sustainable and vanish rapidly given that lamp population decays as time goes by if without proper maintenance activities. Scope of maintenance activities refers to replacements of failed lamps due to nonrepairable lamp burnouts. Full replacements of all the failed lamps during each maintenance interval contribute to a tight project budget due to the expense for the lamp failure inspections, as well as the procurement and installation of new lamps. Since neither “no maintenance” nor “full maintenance” is preferable to the EE lighting project developers (PDs), we propose to design an optimal maintenance plan that optimises the number of replacements of the failed lamps, such that the EE lighting project achieves sustainable performance in terms of energy savings whereas the PDs obtain their maximum benefits in the sense of cost–benefit ratio. This optimal maintenance planning (OMP) problem is aptly formulated as an optimal control problem under control system framework, and solved by a model predictive control (MPC) approach. An optimal maintenance plan for an EE lighting retrofit project is designed as a case study to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system approach.     

论研究性学习在使用精品课程建设中的效能

研究性学习是促进大学生学习能力发展的重要学习方式,建立"以学生为主体、以教师为主导"的基于探索和研究的教学模式,激发每个学生的特长和潜能,在精品课程的建设中要更好地推行研究性学习,必须有效整合各项资源,为大学生提供良好的学习环境。