HLB对原油乳化降黏的影响及分析

利用烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP⁃10）和丙二醇嵌段聚醚（L61）两种乳化剂配置不同亲水亲油平衡值（Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance,HLB）的混合乳化剂,针对辽河油田欢喜岭采油厂二区稠油进行降黏实验,以探明该稠油最适宜乳化剂的HLB。同时,采用聚焦光束反射测量仪（Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement,FBRM）对稠油乳状液进行微观实时测量,分析液滴数量及粒径对原油乳状液黏度的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,混合乳化剂的HLB为9.0时,降黏效果最好,小液滴数量趋于稳定,小液滴数量与HLB不等于9.0的乳化剂相比明显偏低,液滴分布均匀,乳状液性质稳定。     

酶法制备燕麦乳饮料的工艺研究

以燕麦为主要原料生产燕麦乳饮料,并对其生产工艺进行优化.结果表明,采用α-淀粉酶在80℃下水解50 min,燕麦与水的比例为1:15(W:V),添加0.12 %的黄原胶;0.02%VC;0.01%的食盐和0.01%三聚磷酸钠,通过酶解、调配、均质、灭菌工艺能制备出品质良好的燕麦乳.     

新型多用途乳化蜡制备研究

以氧化蜡和石蜡为原料,采用复配的乳化剂,在其质量分数为3.0%,增稠剂质量分数为3.0%,在乳化温度为85 ℃、乳化时间为30 min、搅拌速率1 000 r/min的工艺条件下,制备的O/W型石蜡乳液的粒径在1 μm左右。该石蜡乳液具有生产成本低、制备工艺简单、使用方便、对环境无污染、泡沫低、稳定性好等优点。     

乳化炸药的乳化剂界面活性研究

通过研究乳化剂对油水界面张力的影响，说明了界面活性对乳化炸药稳定性的影响，研究乳化剂的选择及其添加量的确定。无机盐对油水界面张力影响较小，但使ｃｍｃ值明显增大，从而使乳化剂用量增加。采用复合乳化剂，既具有同Ｓ８０一样良好的界面活性，同时利用高分子乳化剂形成复合体界面膜，提高乳化炸药的稳定性。     

小分子乳化剂对鸡油脂微胶囊化的影响

研究了非离子型小分子乳化剂卵磷脂、单甘酯和蔗糖酯对以大豆蛋白为主要壁材包埋鸡油脂效果的影响。结果表明3种乳化剂均能降低大豆分离蛋白溶液的表面张力，但是卵磷脂、单甘酯对大豆分离蛋白乳状液的稳定性影响不大，而蔗糖酯可以提高大豆分离蛋白乳状液的稳定性，但是三者的存在均使产品的表面油含量增大，微胶囊效率降低。扫描电子显微镜照片显示使用单甘酯和蔗糖酯的微胶囊产品颗粒表面出现孔隙。而使用卵磷脂的微胶囊产品无此现象。结果说明乳状液油水界面膜的强度是影响微胶囊产品包埋效率的重要因素。     

Influence of initial emulsifier type on microstructural changes occurring in emulsified lipids during in vitro digestion

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of emulsifier type on the micro-structural changes that occur to emulsified lipids as they pass through a model gastrointestinal system. Lipid droplets initially coated by different kinds of emulsifiers (lecithin, Tween 20, whey protein isolate and sodium caseinate) were prepared using a high speed blender. The emulsified lipids were then passed through an in vitro digestion model that simulated the composition (pH, minerals, surface active components, and enzymes) of mouth, stomach and small intestine juices. The change in structure and properties of the lipid droplets were monitored by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy, conventional optical microscopy, light scattering, and micro-electrophoresis. In general, there was a decrease in mean droplet diameter (d₃₂) as the droplets moved from mouth to stomach to small intestine. The electrical charge on the droplets stabilized by lecithin, Tween 20 and sodium caseinate were negative throughout the model GI system, while those stabilized by whey protein were positive in the stomach. This suggests that at least some of this globular protein remained attached to the droplet surfaces. The data was interpreted in terms of the competitive adsorption of phospholipids/bile salts with the adsorbed emulsifiers, as well as the enzymatic digestion of proteins and lipids. These results enhance our understanding of the physicochemical and structural changes that may occur to emulsified lipids within the gastrointestinal tract, which may have important consequences for the design of functional foods that alter lipid bioavailability. Nevertheless, there were appreciable differences between the behavior of emulsions within the in vitro model used in this study and literature reports of their behavior within in vivo studies, which highlights the need for more realistic in vitro digestion models.     

新型乳化剂的合成及在苯丙乳液的应用

以衣康酸(IA)、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚NPEO(10)和亚硫酸钠为基本原料,经过酯化反应和磺化反应,合成了新型乳化剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚衣康酸单酯磺酸二钠盐。考察了反应温度和物料物质的量比对反应体系的影响;进而将其应用到苯丙乳液,并与传统乳化剂的用量进行对比。结果表明:反应条件为n(NPEO(10))/n(IA)=1.00∶1.06,n(IA)/n(Na2SO3)=1.00∶1.06,酯化温度为120℃,磺化温度为90℃,反应时间5h下合成的乳化剂,在乳化剂质量分数为2.4%时得到稳定的苯丙乳液用量比传统乳化剂少20%。     

油基钻井液乳化剂的筛选及评价

从常用的主乳化剂和辅助乳化剂中进行筛选并对不同加量的主辅乳化剂进行实验,得到热滚前后乳化液的破乳电压,选出最佳的主辅乳化剂和用量,同时对配置的乳化液的抗污染性和抗乳化性进行实验,评价了其各项性能,结果表明所配制的乳化液各项性能表现良好,可用于油基钻井液中。     

Span-80和T-152对乳化炸药低温稳定性的影响

分别以Span-80、T-152为乳化剂制备乳胶基质和乳化炸药,在-30℃冷冻10天后通过水溶法测定它们的析晶率,并用显微镜观察两种乳胶基质。结果表明:用T-152制备的乳化炸药冷冻后的析晶率是用Span-80制备乳化炸药的3.57倍,前者的破乳程度高于后者。采用Chem3D软件的MM2分子动力学模块对Span-80和T-152分子进行Molecular Dynamics计算,模拟低温对乳化剂分子结构的影响,分析两种乳化剂制备的乳化炸药在低温下稳定性产生差异的原因。计算结果显示:-30℃时T-152分子失去立体结构,可能是用T-152制备的乳化炸药低温稳定性较差的主要原因。     

乳化剂种类对乳化炸药抗深水压力性能的影响

在静压作用下,如何定量研究炸药的爆炸性能一直困扰着国内外的炸药工作者。通过改变静水表面的压力来模拟深水装药环境,用可重复使用的爆炸装置研究炸药的爆炸性能,进而研究乳化剂种类对乳化炸药抗静压性能的影响。由珍珠岩敏化时,T155含量为2%、Span含量为2%、T155+Span含量各为1%时,三种炸药的抗深水压力性能从优到劣的顺序:T155+Span≥T155≥Span;当乳化基质由亚硝酸钠敏化时,含T155的乳化炸药的抗深水压力性能优于含Span的。