Construction of living cellular automata using the Physarum plasmodium

The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is a unicellular and multinuclear giant amoeba that has an amorphous cell body. To clearly observe how the plasmodium makes decisions in its motile and exploratory behaviours, we developed a new experimental system to pseudo-discretize the motility of the organism. In our experimental space that has agar surfaces arranged in a two-dimensional lattice, the continuous and omnidirectional movement of the plasmodium was limited to the stepwise one, and the direction of the locomotion was also limited to four neighbours. In such an experimental system, a cellular automata-like system was constructed using the living cell. We further analysed the exploratory behaviours of the plasmodium by duplicating the experimental results in the simulation models of cellular automata. As a result, it was revealed that the behaviours of the plasmodium are not reproduced by only local state transition rules; and for the reproduction, a kind of historical rule setting is needed.     

基于分布式聚类的有向传感器网络移动目标跟踪算法研究

针对有向传感器网络DSN（Directional Sensor Networks）中,传感器节点部署数量对目标跟踪精度、网络寿命和能效问题的影响方面,提出了一个分布式聚类算法,该算法在优化活跃传感器和节点的直接通信过程中,由分布式集群来负责协调成员间的节点,通过传输给Sink的定位信息及从多个节点聚集的传感数据来准确定位目标的位置。基于该理论的目标跟踪机制,提高了目标跟踪精度、增加了网络寿命和网络剩余能量。并进行了仿真验证,结果表明该方法能实现更高的跟踪性能。     

Agro-ecosystem modeling can aid in the optimization of biomass feedstock supply

Recent European Directives promoted the development of biofuels, requesting mandatory limits to their emissions ot greenhouse gases (GHG). Second-generation biofuels based on lignocellulosic biomass are prime candidates but their GHG emissions are variable and uncertain. Agro-ecosystem modeling can capture them and the performance of biofuel feedstocks.This study aimed at optimizing feedstock supply for a bioethanol unit in France, from agricultural residues, annual and perennial crops. Their productivity and environmental impacts were modelled on a regional scale using geo-referenced data on soil properties, crop management, land-use and future weather data. Several supply scenarios were tested. Cereal straw was the most efficient feedstock but had a low availability, and only miscanthus could meet the bioethanol plant's demand. Sorghum combined poor yields and high GHG emissions compared by miscanthus and triticale. A mix of three biomass sources used less than 3% of the regional agricultural land while abating GHG emissions by 60%.     

薄壁不锈钢管波纹卡粘式连接方法及性能研究

介绍了薄壁不锈钢管波纹卡粘式连接的原理、安装方法、注意事项以及工程应用情况,试验研究了波纹卡粘式连接件的连接强度、密封性、使用寿命等。结果表明:经完全固化后,波纹卡粘式连接件的最大破坏扭矩达到41N·m,接近于DN15薄壁不锈钢管产生塑性变形时的扭矩强度;连接密封性能相关的8项指标全部符合国标要求。在550℃的高温炉内,连接件的泄漏量为0.02m3/h,远小于规定的0.17m3/h。根据阿累尼乌斯图推算出连接件的使用寿命可达70a以上。卫生检测显示连接件中的厌氧胶不会影响水质,清洁卫生。     

基于概率断裂力学的管道疲劳寿命分析

采用奇异单元模拟裂纹尖端应力场的奇异性,计算裂纹尖端的应力强度因子和张开应力.以概率论为基础,结合确定性疲劳断裂力学估算方法,考虑参数的不确定性和随机性,应用蒙特卡洛模拟法分析管道的疲劳寿命.结果表明：通过J积分计算得到的裂纹尖端张开应力与计算得到的管道工作应力基本相等.采用蒙特卡洛模拟法进行的一定可靠度和置信度下的疲劳寿命预测能反映评定参数的不确定性,较传统的断裂力学计算结果更安全.     

开关电源加速贮存寿命方法研究

开关电源具有体积小、重量轻、效率高等诸多优点,凭借其自身的诸多优势,开关电源已经广泛应用于航空航天、通信、以及电子类。由于应用领域的广泛性,开关电源的可靠性引起了人们的重视。论文以阿伦尼斯(Arrhenius)模型为基础,设计了一整套针对开关电源的可靠性评价和寿命预计的试验方案。该方案对试验器件施加温度应力,加速器件的失效过程,并通过一定的加速模型和统计分析方法,外推出正常工作条件下产品的寿命特征。     

INFORMATION LITERACY IN A RESEARCHER'S LEARNING LIFE: THE SEVEN AGES OF RESEARCH

This article uses data from research conducted in the course of writing a book on the needs, wants and characteristics of researchers to examine how researchers view themselves and the research process. As a result of this, the Seven Ages of Research model was developed which categorises a researcher's learning life into a series of discrete stages. The article explores learning needs relevant to each age in the learning life and links them to the development of information literacy. The authors explore the polarisation that exists between what researchers think research is about and what they believe the library can offer them, and suggest that information literacy needs to be seen as involving a change in understanding of, and attitude to, the world of information, as well as the nature of those information needs. Finally, they explore the librarian's role in an e-environment which has changed the way researchers work and identify some of the challenges facing library and information services professionals in the future in supporting researchers throughout their learning lives.     

引嫩入白供水工程对嫩江鱼类影响分析

引嫩入白供水工程从嫩江引水为白城提供农业灌溉用水、城市饮用水和生态用水.引水时间为4月-10月,枯水期不引水.工程取水对取水前后白沙滩断面水位变化主要集中在5月-7月农业用水期,水位下降将对鱼类的产卵造成一定的不利影响,同时工程取水对下游水生生态环境产生的影响.     

恒定应力加速寿命试验算法探讨

恒定应力加速寿命试验具有试验方法简单、理论成熟、得到信息多、试验结果较为准确等优点。本文利用三种被广泛运用的统计推断方法对同一恒定应力加速寿命试验结果进行推断,分析比较算法的优劣：在样本量较小的情况下极大似然估计优于线性无偏估计,但是当各应力水平下的样品失效数较大时,极大似然估计与线性无偏估计几乎等效,而线性回归的方法计算较为简单,但是在应力水平较少的情况下误差较大。     

JSF技术在J2EE平台下的优势分析

JSF是真正的MVC模式,它的侧重点是Web表现层,提供了丰富的页面开发控件,而且支持控件的开发,方便、灵活.JSF使开发人员以拖拽的方式使用控件来布局Web页面,简单而又美观,克服了Java在Web开发中不可视化的缺点.J2EE是强大的企业级系统开发平台,其架构在三层Web系统中有着得天独厚的优势.JSF在J2EE平台下的应用,弥补了Java在Web开发方面的不足,非常适用于中小型三层Web系统的快速应用开发.