微波无极光降解甲硫醚

采用微波无极灯(MEDL)光解甲硫醚气体,结果表明,随着进气浓度的增加,甲硫醚去除率相应降低,但其绝对处理量却相应增加;停留时间越长,去除率越大,停留时间为10 s时,降解率高达94.3%.微波无极光化学反应系统中主要产生直接光解、光诱导产生的激发态氧原子O(¹D)和羟基自由基的氧化作用,可将甲硫醚降解转化为硫酸盐、二氧化碳和水等无机化合物,其中激发态氧原子O(¹D)的含量是影响甲硫醚降解的关键因素.     

(NH4)2S吸收净化冶炼烟气中SO2回收硫资源的方法

采用(NH₄)₂S溶液吸收净化高浓度SO₂烟气,得到(NH₄)₂S₂O₃和NH₄HSO₃的混合溶液并转移至高压反应釜中,控制反应条件,两种物质发生自氧化还原反应,生成硫磺和(NH₄)₂SO₄.实验考察了吸收SO₂过程和自氧化还原过程的影响条件,结果表明:在pH=3～7,SO₂气体流速300 ml·min^-1,(NH₄)₂S浓度为0.2～1.2 mol·L^-1,常温条件下,烟气中二氧化硫的吸收率达到99.8%以上,且无H₂S生成;在pH=2.5～3.0,温度为130℃条件下,反应进行1 h,硫磺收率达到95%以上,溶液经过蒸发结晶得到(NH₄)₂SO₄.用X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)对硫磺和硫酸铵进行表征分析,结果表明:硫磺的纯度为99.14%,硫酸铵中氮元素含量为23.6%.     

金矿矿渣中各种金属的分离与提取

采用硫化氢系统分析法,分离、分析了繁峙某矿业公司金矿矿渣中的各种金属。实验结果表明:该矿渣中主要含有Fe、Hg和微量的Cu,用NH3CO3可以将其从尾矿中分离提取出来,分离提取Fe、Hg、Cu后的金矿矿渣基本不含污染环境的金属,可以避免对环境的污染。     

含硫循环水系统的腐蚀试验

对炼油装置泄漏物进入循环水中造成的设备腐蚀进行了研究。气相色谱分析结果表明,泄漏物主要来自于加氢柴油、未加氢柴油、汽油和液化气,其中加氢柴油含硫化氢和苯并噻吩类、未加氢柴油含苯并噻吩类、汽油含有硫醇和噻吩类等含硫物质;对微漏状态下含硫循环水进行静态阻垢试验、旋转挂片腐蚀试验以及动态模拟试验,结果表明硫化氢是导致碳钢设备严重腐蚀的主要原因。另外发现,仅采用常规水处理药剂时碳钢表面不能形成腐蚀抑制膜。     

某型液压泵主轴断裂原因分析

某型号液压泵在进行疲劳试验过程中发生主轴断裂。采用扫描电镜等方法对其进行分析,结果表明该主轴的断裂是在受到较大的剪切弯曲作用力下形成的疲劳断裂;由于该主轴所用材料内存在大量的非金属硫化物夹杂,从而对裂纹的形成及扩展起到了推进作用。     

聚对苯硫醚、聚间苯硫醚及其共聚物的合成与表征

用硫磺、对二氯苯和间二氯苯为原料,在极性有机溶剂六甲基磷酰三胺中合成了聚对苯硫醚(p-PPS)、聚间苯硫醚(m-PPS)及其共聚物.用裂解气相色谱、红外光谱、X-射线衍射及热分析对所得聚合物的结构和热性能进行了初步研究.结果表明:p—PPS和m—PPS都是结晶性聚合物,间位结构引入到p-PSS的结构中明显地破坏了p-PPS的高度结晶性,降低了耐热性,但最大失重速率处温度却无多大变化.这一共聚改性途径可望用于改进p—PPS的刚性,提高其韧性.     

A new tantalum sulfur compound as electrode material for non-aqueous alkali metal batteries

Polycrystalline (PbS)_1.14(TaS₂)₂, a misfit layer sulfide, was used as cathodic material for lithium secondary battery. One molar LiClO₄ in propylene carbonate (PC) was used as electrolyte. The cell could be galvanostatic discharged down to x = 4.6 [Li_x(PbS)_1.14(TaS₂)₂] when the current density was 65 μA cm⁻² and the cell was cycled more than 100 times between 3.5 and 1.5 V at a current density of 260 μA cm⁻². Lattice expansion increased linearly with lithium content and was less than that reported for the Li/TaS₂ system. Chemical diffusion coefficients were determined by a modified version of the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and they were fairly constant in the composition range 0.2 < x < 1, and an average value of 8.1 × 10⁻¹¹ cm² s⁻¹ was calculated. Sodium intercalation was also accomplished, but the uptake of this ion resulting in a significant lattice expansion compared with that observed for lithium ions. Moreover, a similar dependence of the sodium chemical diffusion coefficient on the composition was observed with an average value of 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm² s⁻¹, somewhat higher than that of lithium ion. We believe that differences in lattice expansion may be responsible for the differences found in the chemical diffusivity values.     

Conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfate and hydrogen sulfide by Desulfotomaculum orientis

The autotrophic, sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfotomaculum orientis, grew in batch culture with molecular hydrogen (H₂) as an energy source, carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a carbon source and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) as the terminal electron acceptor. At high H₂ partial pressure, SO₂ was stoichiometrically reduced to hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). At low partial pressures of hydrogen (< 0.025 atm), SO₂ was both oxidized to sulfate and reduced to hydrogen sulfide. These results indicated a new mode of sulfur metabolism for D. orientis.     

TG氧化铁常(低)温精脱硫技术的发展及应用

回顾了氧化铁脱硫技术的发展历程。指出活性氧化铁在常低温下能将H₂S精脱除至0.1～1 ppm以下,可同(200~350) ℃下中温氧化铁脱硫相媲美。讨论了氧化铁常低温精脱硫的理论依据。介绍了太原工业大学近年开发的TG型氧化铁系列脱硫剂的性能及应用。