川中地区下二叠统白云岩储层特征及发育主控因素

为进一步深化对川中地区下二叠统白云岩储层特征及发育主控因素的认识,利用研究区茅口组的岩心、岩屑、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、碳氧同位素、阴极发光及流体包裹体分析等资料,采用地质分析与地化分析相结合的方法,从岩石学、岩石地球化学及储集空间发育特征等方面进行研究。研究结果表明:茅口组白云岩主要发育砂糖状白云岩、中—细晶白云石、角砾白云岩及少量灰质白云岩,储集空间以溶孔和溶洞为主,溶缝和粒内溶孔次之,白云岩形成过程几乎不受埋深的影响,没有或很少有淡水参与,主要形成于构造—热液环境;储层的岩性组成、白云化作用、构造作用及溶蚀作用是茅口组白云岩储层发育的主控因素,储层的岩性组成是白云岩储层发育的物质基础,适度白云化作用是储层发育的必要条件,构造作用是储层最终发育和空间展布的关键,溶蚀作用是白云岩储层空间展布的重要因素。     

川西坳陷中段须四段储层定量成岩相特征

利用储层地质学理论与方法,对川西坳陷中段须四段储层压实、胶结和溶蚀3种主控成岩作用的成岩强度定量计算,厘定成岩强度标准,并在此基础上划分成岩相类型,建立不同类型成岩相测井响应特征,研究成岩相平面展布特征。结果表明:压实强度划分为弱、中、中强和强4个标准,胶结程度及溶蚀程度均划分为弱、中和强3个标准,将川西坳陷中段须四段储层划分为中强压实中溶蚀相、强压实中溶蚀相、强胶结弱溶蚀相、强压实弱溶蚀相、强胶结相和强压实相6种成岩相类型,成岩相平面展布受物源和沉积相的控制作用明显。其中,中强压实中溶蚀相和强压实中溶蚀相为有利的储集相带,平面上主要分布在孝新合构造带和中江—洛带地区,纵向上,上亚段相对优质成岩相储层物性好于下亚段。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组第7油层组致密油资源评价

总结了鄂尔多斯盆地延长组第7油层组(简称长7)致密油研究及勘探进展,从砂岩展布、物性特征、致密油充注时间和成藏期次等方面研究长7致密油地质特征,并按特征将致密油划分为A类和B类。在此基础上,采用小面元法和EUR类比法分别计算长7致密油地质资源量和可采资源量。评价结果揭示:长7致密油地质资源量和可采资源量分别为41.78×10~8t和3.73×10~8t,高资源丰度区主要分布在Ning 89井西侧、华池—马岭—环县一带、姬塬和AP11井附近。研究思路和评价结果为中国致密油资源评价及勘探生产提供有益参考。     

川中地区寒武系龙王庙组沥青成因与油气成藏史

运用有机岩石学、有机地球化学和扫描电镜等方法和技术,深入研究了川中地区寒武系龙王庙组中高演化沥青的成因类型、形成期次和来源;并在此基础上,结合包裹体及构造演化特征等,恢复了安岳气田龙王庙组气藏的成藏史。结果表明:(1)川中地区龙王庙组储层中沥青均来自于下寒武统烃源岩,沥青成因类型多样,以热裂解成因为主;(2)沥青的形成分为3个阶段,第1阶段为氧化水洗型沥青的形成,第2阶段为沉淀型沥青的形成,第3阶段为热裂解成因沥青的形成;(3)安岳气田龙王庙组气藏先后经历了5期的油气充注,包括2期液态烃的充注、晚三叠世—早侏罗世干酪根裂解气的充注、晚侏罗世—早白垩世原油裂解气的充注以及喜马拉雅期圈闭改造调整阶段干气的充注。     

东营凹陷沙河街组四段上亚段细粒沉积岩岩相特征及与沉积环境的关系

细粒沉积岩的岩相特征影响泥页岩的生烃能力与储集性能,与沉积环境的相互关系分析亦可丰富细粒沉积的研究。然而目前针对陆相细粒沉积岩岩相的研究较为薄弱,基于岩相成因,与沉积环境相结合的岩相特征分析较少。基于大量岩心、薄片、X射线衍射及地球化学数据,以成分为第一要素,以东营凹陷沙河街组四段上亚段细粒沉积岩为例,划分出4大类、12种岩相类型,分析每一种岩相的宏观、微观、成分及成因特征。通过矿物成分、地球化学等多参数的分析发现,沙河街组四段上亚段沉积环境分为4个阶段。沉积环境通过控制岩相主要成分而控制了岩相的类别与发育;沉积环境的旋回性与阶段性变化导致岩相的旋回性与阶段性变化;沉积环境控制岩相发育,岩相亦能反应沉积环境的变化。在细粒沉积分析中,不能排除突发事件(海侵、浊流等)对岩相及沉积环境的影响。     

油基钻井液对超深裂缝性致密砂岩气藏的保护能力评价

以塔里木盆地山前白垩系巴什基奇克组某超深、裂缝性致密砂岩气藏为研究对象,探究油基钻井液对其储层的损害机理,以便于完善油基钻井液储层保护能力评价方法和优选原则。为此开展了钻井液滤液损害、钻井液体系动态损害以及滤饼承压能力室内实验,完善了该钻井液储层保护能力的室内评价方法。首先进行固相粒度分析前进行钻井液预处理,然后模拟动态损害过程评价钻井液返排渗透率恢复率,最后开展滤饼承压能力评价。实验结果表明:1主要的储层损害方式为固相侵入、液相圈闭损害;2油基钻井液滤液对基块损害程度为强;3钻井液体系对裂缝动态损害程度达到中等偏强—强,钻井液滤饼仅对100μm及以下缝宽裂缝具有封堵能力。结论认为,应用油基钻井液保护该类储层应优先保证油基钻井液滤饼承压能力,同时兼顾动态损害渗透率恢复率和液相圈闭损害程度。     

DEPOSITIONAL AND DIAGENETIC BARRIERS,BAFFLES AND CONDUITS: PERMIAN – CARBONIFEROUS UNAYZAH RESERVOIR,NUAYYIM FIELD,CENTRAL SAUDI ARABIA

The Unayzah Formation is one of the most important Palaeozoic reservoir systems in Saudi Arabia. In the Nuayyim field, Central Saudi Arabia, it produces light, sweet crude oil and consists of three main reservoir units, in descending stratigraphic order: Unayzah A, B and C. These reservoir units include a wide range of depositional facies deposited under a variety of climatic conditions, from high‐latitude glacio‐fluvial to more temperate playa/lacustrine, floodplain and braided‐fluvial to hot‐arid aeolian environments. Together with the diagenetic changes superimposed on the various depositional facies, this has produced complex reservoir heterogeneity. The effects of this diagenetic and sedimentologic complexity on reservoir quality and compartmentalization are the subject of this paper. Approximately 816 ft of core and 611 core plug samples were examined from three wells which penetrate, completely or in part, the Unayzah reservoir. We combine petrographic and scanning electron microscope analysis with porosity and permeability data and calculated pore throat dimensions to identify fluid conduits, barriers and baffles to fluid flow. A rock classification scheme is proposed which takes into account whether the pore‐level control on fluid flow is due to depositional or diagenetic processes and the composition of depositional or diagenetic phases within the pores. Distinguishing depositional versus diagenetic controls on fluid flow is important for predicting the three‐dimensional geometry of conduits, barriers and baffles, and a priori knowledge of potential reactions between injected fluids and reservoir rocks is important for designing enhanced oil recovery fluids. In the three wells studied, it appears that the Unayzah reservoir is compartmentalized vertically due to the occurrence of diagenetic and depositional barriers and baffles. There is insufficient data to assess the lateral or areal extent of the barriers, baffles and fluid conduits, but the understanding of pore‐level controls on reservoir quality and the rock classification schemes introduced here will provide a starting point for future studies. These studies should combine well logs, seismic and engineering data with data presented here to assist mapping conduits, barriers and baffles across the field. The proposed classification schemes may also prove to be useful for assessing reservoirs in other fields both within Saudi Arabia and elsewhere.