醋酸纤维废水处理试验研究

针对目前废水处理装置中存在的一些问题,通过对预处理、水温试验、生化停留时间的试验研究,为扩建设计提供工艺参数。     

堵塞对复合垂直流湿地水力特征的影响

复合垂直流人工湿地系统(IVCW)堵塞后其水力特征会发生变化，通过示踪剂对小试和中试系统堵塞前后的水力特征进行了研究。结果表明，堵塞后IVCW出水流量减小，小试系统实际停留时间由堵塞前21．3h延长至32．5h，中试系统实际停留时间从19.4h延长至26．8h。IVCW堵塞后容易造成下行池表面积水，既恶化了卫生条件又降低了系统的处理能力。     

ABR反应器对垃圾渗滤液的处理试验研究

ABR工艺在处理垃圾渗滤液中具有其他厌氧生物反应器所达不到的优点。尤其是对B/C低、氨氮浓度高、COD浓度高的废水处理,通过调节回流比、HRT、碱度等参数后,可以取得很好的处理效果。在本次实验中,HRT控制在18h后明显提高的垃圾渗滤液的可生化性及C/N,使ABR出水CODcr去除率达到75%,C/N为6.72,对后续好氧反应起到了重要作用。在调控一定回流比后,为提供厌氧氨氧化所需的电子受体NO-3和NO-2实现脱氮。反应器在经过120d的培养驯化,氨氮进水为460mg/L,ABR对氨氮的去除率稳定在80%。不同格室的厌氧颗粒污泥都得到很好的驯化并在其合适的环境中发挥各自的功能。     

Effects of hydraulic retention time,temperature, and effluent recycling on efficiency of anaerobic filter in treating rural domestic wastewater

With rural population expansion and improvement of the socio-economic standard of living, treatment of rural domestic wastewater has rapidly become a major aspect of environmental concern. Selection of a suitable method for treatment of rural domestic wastewater depends on its efficiency, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. This study investigated the effects of hydraulic retention time(HRT), temperature, and effluent recycling on the treatment efficiency of an anaerobic filter(AF) reactor. The first round of experimental operations was run for three months with HRTs of one, two, and three days, temperatures of 18℃, 21℃, and 24℃, and no effluent recycling. The second round of experimental operations was conducted for another three months with HRTs of three and four days; temperatures of 30.67℃, 30.57℃, and 26.91℃; and three effluent recycling ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. The first round of operations showed removal rates of 32% to 44% for COD, 30% to 35% for TN, 32% to 36% for +4NH-N, 19% to 23% for 3NO-N-, and 12% to 22% for TP. In the second round of operations, the removal rates varied from 75% to 81% for COD, 35% to 41% for TN, 31% to 39% for +4NH-N, 30% to 34% for 3NO-N-, and 41% to 48% for TP. The average gas production rates were 6.72 L/d and 7.26 L/d for the first and second rounds of operations, respectively. The gas production rate increased in the second round of operations as a result of applied effluent recycling. The best removal efficiency was obtained for an optimum HRT of three days, a temperature of 30℃, and an effluent recycling ratio of 2:1. The results show that the removal efficiency of the AF reactor was affected by HRT, temperature, and effluent recycling.     

前置反硝化曝气生物滤池处理低浓度生活污水

在水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)为1 h和2 h、气水比为5:1、回流比为100%的条件下,考察了前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺对低浓度生活污水的处理效果,并研究了反冲洗对该工艺去除效果的影响。试验结果表明:当HRT为2 h时,前置反硝化曝气生物滤池对低浓度生活污水中COD、NH_4~+-N和TN的平均去除率分别为70%、91%和53%,当HRT降至1 h时,COD、NH_4~+-N和TN平均去除率分别降低12%、34%和20%。在反冲洗后2～3 h,该工艺能恢复到正常处理水平。     

AS—USEAF系统脱氮运行条件试验研究

本文采用正交优化试验法对活性污泥法－上向流间歇膨胀缺氧生物滤泥系统脱氮的最佳运行条件进行了研究。研究表明，该系统的最佳运行条件为：ＨＡＲＴ曝为６ｈ，ＨＲＴ滤为２．７６ｈ，在此条件下，系统进行稳定，脱氮性能良好，ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率达８７．２％，ＮＯ＾－Ｘ－Ｎ去除率达７６．４％。     

高负荷厌氧氨氧化的稳定性试验研究

为探讨高负荷条件下复合式UASB反应器中厌氧氨氧化反应的脱氮性能和稳定性,在已经成功启动并稳定运行的厌氧氨氧化反应器中,通过提高进水总氮浓度和缩短水力停留时间两种方式提高总氮负荷,考察脱氮效果。结果表明,通过逐步提高进水总氮浓度和缩短HRT可以提高厌氧氨氧化反应的总氮负荷,并获得理想的脱氮效果和运行稳定性,但过高的亚硝态氮浓度会对反应产生一定的抑制作用。     

包埋固定硝化菌的亚硝化特性研究和系统调控

在使用包埋固定化硝化菌的流化床反应器中改变系统的运行参数,用模拟高浓度NH3-N废水实现从常规硝化为主到亚硝酸型硝化为主的转变。驯化完成、恢复溶解氧到3~4 mg/L后,仍然能达到高度的亚硝酸型硝化。通过间歇式实验得出亚硝酸盐的积累率随反应时间的变化规律,以此为参考调控连续进出水情况下的水力停留时间(HRT),从而达到和保持最好的亚硝酸型硝化效果。     

Statistical optimization of operating parameters of microbial electrolysis cell treating dairy industry wastewater using quadratic model to enhance energy generation

The performance of Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is affected by several operating conditions. Therefore, in the present study, an optimization study was done to determine the working efficiency of MEC in terms of COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal, hydrogen and current generation. Optimization was carried out using a quadratic mathematical model of response surface methodology (RSM). Thirteen sets of experimental runs were performed to optimize the applied voltage and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of single chambered batch fed MEC operated with dairy industry wastewater. The operating conditions (i.e) an applied voltage of 0.8 V and HRT of 2 days that showed a maximum COD removal response was chosen for further studies. The MEC operated at optimized condition (HRT- 2 days and applied voltage- 0.8 V) showed a COD removal efficiency of 95 ± 2%, hydrogen generation of 32 ± 5 mL/L/d, Power density of 152 mW/cm² and current generation of 19 mA. The results of the study implied that RSM, with its high degree of accuracy can be a reliable tool for optimizing the process of wastewater treatment. Also, dairy industry wastewater can be considered to be a potential source to generate hydrogen and energy through MEC at short HRT.     

SBR处理村镇生活污水试验研究

研究了用SBR处理系统在不同水力停留时间,不同污泥龄(SRT),不同温度条件下对村镇生活污水的去除有机物、脱氮除磷效果。结果表明,考虑到脱氮除磷效果并兼顾经济的原则,水力停留时间采用6h比较合理,SBR反应器的最适SRT为20d;温度SBR反应器的除磷效果影响较小,SBR反应器更适合处理低温污水。