曝气生物滤池处理炼油废水的试验研究

采用曝气生物滤池处理炼油废水,考察HRT、进水有机负荷、气水体积比等因素对生物滤池处理效果的影响.结果表明：在HRT为2h,进水CODCr负荷小于2.0 kg/（m3·d）,气水体积比为3时,出水CODCr的质量浓度为16.64 mg/L,去除率为85.41％;出水NH3-N的质量浓度为2.07 mg/L,去除率为74.92％;出水浊度为2.12NTU,去除率为92.15％.曝气生物滤池经过气水联合反冲洗后调整适应期为5h,此时CODCr和NH3-N的去除率分别为70.88％和62.31％,浊度在4.0 NTU以下.     

工业园区集中式污水处理厂曝气池HRT的确定

为指导确定工业园区内集中式污水处理厂曝气池的HRT,利用测定的各企业排放废水的好氧呼吸曲线．根据耗氧速率曲线折点和可充分降解的水量的比例,确定综合废水曝气池的HRT。试验结果表明,某工业园区企业PG1-～PG1—6和YR2—1～YR2—4废水的HRT应分别为：26、22、22、40、30、50、36、16、16、16h,确定综合废水曝气池HRT设计值为36h．与采用该方法测定的工业园区综合污水厂实际的曝气池HRT（32h）接近。该方法简单有效,可合理确定工业园区集中式污水处理厂的曝气池HRT设计值。     

Pilot‐scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic/oxic biofilm process treating coking wastewater

BACKGROUND: Biological treatment efficiency of coking wastewater is rather poor, especially for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia‐nitrogen (NH$_{4}^{+}$ ‐N) removal due to its complex composition and high toxicity. RESULTS: A pilot‐scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic/oxic (A²/O²) biofilm system has been developed to treat coking wastewater, focusing attention on the COD and NH$_{4}^{+}$ ‐N removal efficiencies. Operational results over 239 days showed that hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the system had a great impact on simultaneous removals of COD and NH$_{4}^{+}$ ‐N. At HRT of 116 h, total removal efficiencies of COD and NH$_{4}^{+}$ ‐N were 92.3% and 97.8%, respectively, reaching the First Grade discharge standard for coking wastewater in China. Adequate HRT, anoxic removal of refractory organics and two‐step aerobic bioreactors were considered to be effective measures to obtain satisfactory coking effluent quality using the A²/O² biofilm system. The correlation between removal characteristics of pollutants and spatial distributions of biomass along the height of upflow bioreactors was also revealed. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that it is feasible to apply the A²/O² biofilm process for coking wastewater treatment, achieving desirable effluent quality and steady process performance. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

电解/水解酸化/活性污泥法处理医药废水研究

采用电解/水解酸化/好氧活性污泥工艺处理高浓度、难降解的医药生产废水,着重考察了HRT、温度、pH、溶解氧及污泥负荷对好氧段处理效果的影响.结果表明,电解/水解酸化提高了废水的可生化性,在HRT为18 h、温度为24℃、pH值为6.5～7.0、溶解氧为2.5 mg/L以及污泥负荷为0.42～0.50 kgCOD/(kgMLSS·d)的条件下,好氧段对COD的去除效果较好,去除率基本稳定在90%左右,出水水质满足<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)的二级标准.     

生物接触氧化/气浮处理微污染源水中试

开展了生物接触氧化/气浮工艺处理微污染源水的中试研究(规模为20 m3/h),考察了生物接触氧化池的气水比、水力停留时间、悬浮生物填料填充率和气浮池混凝剂投加量、表面负荷对污染物去除效果的影响。结果表明,当生物接触氧化池的气水比为1.0、水力停留时间为60m in、填料填充率为40%与气浮池的硫酸铝投加量为30 mg/L、表面负荷为7.5 m3/(m2.h)时,工艺除污效果良好,对CODMn的去除率为23%,出水NH3-N及TP达到了地表水Ⅱ类水水质标准。     

采用CSTR反应器培养好氧颗粒污泥的研究

以醋酸盐作碳源的人工配水为原水,在常温(25~30℃)条件下采用连续流完全混合反应器(CSTR)培养好氧颗粒污泥。结果表明,通过采用逐步缩短HRT和提高有机负荷的方法,在60 d内培养出了成熟的好氧颗粒污泥;好氧颗粒污泥反应器的运行高效而稳定,在水力停留时间为2.82 h、有机负荷为3~4.24 kgCOD/(m3.d)的条件下,对COD、NH+4-N和PO34--P的去除率分别可达90%、90%和70%,具有明显的脱氮除磷效果。     

ABR处理含硫酸盐废水过程中硫转化的研究

采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理含硫酸盐废水,考察了硫在反应器中的转化规律,以及HRT和进水COD/SO24-值对硫转化的影响。结果表明,ABR中发生了硫酸盐在第1隔室被大量还原而生成的硫化物,并在之后的各隔室被逐步氧化的现象;HRT越小,硫酸盐的还原率越高;对于低浓度废水,当进水COD/SO24-值2.5时,硫酸盐还原率基本可稳定在90%左右,而当进水COD/SO42-值为1.7～2.5时,硫酸盐还原率可能会大幅下降。     

Membrane bioreactor process for removing biodegradable organic matter from water

This research investigated a membrane bioreactor (MBR) process for removing biodegradable organic matter (BOM) and trihalomethane (THM) precursors from pre-ozonated water. Bench-scale and mini-pilot-scale MBR experiments were conducted using powdered activated carbon (PAC) and acclimated biomass. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was removed through a combination of adsorption and biodegradation mechanisms, and the initial DOC removals depended on carbon dose, while steady-state removals were in the 20-60 percent range under various operating conditions. Both assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and total aldehydes were mostly removed to near detection limits and were not affected by PAC dosage. The AOC(NOX) removals were significantly higher than AOC(P17) or total AOC removals probably because the MBR microbial consortium was closer in characteristics to Aquaspirillum NOX than to Pseudomonas fluorescens (P17). The DOC was used instead of biodegradable organic carbon (BDOC) as a parameter for evaluating disinfection byproduct formation and bacterial regrowth potentials because BDOC assays did not yield consistent and conclusive results due to analytical difficulties. The removals of THM precursors were high when PAC was added; however, steady-state removals were a function of operating conditions and PAC dosage. Addition of PAC enhanced DOC removals and membrane permeate fluxes. Furthermore, pre-ozonation reduced membrane fouling and enhanced membrane permeate flux.     

高效初沉发酵池处理城市污水的中试研究

应用生物絮凝沉淀和水解发酵耦合工艺,将传统的初沉池改造为集进水悬浮固体的沉淀分离和沉淀污泥的产酸发酵为一体的高效初沉发酵池,以优化碳源结构,提高后续工艺的污泥活性和脱氮除磷能力。在水力停留时间为0.75 h、悬浮污泥絮体层界面高度不低于高效初沉发酵池有效池深的70%、SRT为4 d的条件下,考察了高效初沉发酵池对进水水质的改善效果。结果表明:高效初沉发酵池对SS的去除率为78%,是普通初沉池的近2倍;出水VSS/SS均值为71.9%,较普通初沉池提高了17.3%;出水C/N和C/P值较进水值分别提高了33%和14%,且明显高于污水厂普通初沉池出水水质。碳源结构的改善提高了后续生物处理工艺的脱氮除磷效果,对TP的去除率稳定在90%～98%。     

Effect of bio-sludge concentration on the efficiency of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system to treat wastewater containing Pband Ni

The removal efficiency of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system with synthetic industrial estate wastewater (SIEWW) containing Ni²⁺ or Pb²⁺ was increased with the increase of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). But, the sludge volume index (SVI) of the system was increased up to higher than 100 mL/g under MLSS of up to 4000 mg/L. Also, the effluent NO₃⁻ was decreased with the increase of MLSS. The heavy metals (Ni²⁺ or Pb²⁺), BOD₅, COD and TKN removal efficiencies of SBR system with SIEWW containing 5 mg/L heavy metal (Ni²⁺ or Pb²⁺) under MLSS of 3000 mg/L were 83–85%, 96–97%, 95–96% and 83–94%, respectively. The increase of heavy metal (Ni²⁺ or Pb²⁺) concentrations of SIEWW from 5 to 50 mg/L were not significantly effected to both COD and BOD₅ removal efficiencies (they were reduced by only 4–5%), but they were strongly effected to both TKN and heavy metals removal efficiencies (they were reduced by 15 and 20–30%, respectively). Both Ni²⁺ and Pb²⁺ could repress the growth of both nitrification and denitrification bacteria. And Ni²⁺ was more effective than Pb²⁺ to reduce the heavy metals removal efficiency. The SBR system could be applied to treat the industrial estate wastewater (IEWW) containing both Pb²⁺ and Ni²⁺ even the heavy metals concentrations was up to 5 mg/L, but the removal efficiency was quite low and excess bio-sludge did not produce. However, the system efficiency could be increased with the increase of BOD₅ concentration of the wastewater. The Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, COD, BOD₅ and TKN removal efficiencies of the system with IEWW containing 500 mg/L BOD₅, 5 mg/L Ni²⁺ and 5 mg/L Pb²⁺ under HRT of 3 days were 85.68 ± 0.31%, 87.03 ± 0.21%, 86.0 ± 0.5%, 94.04 ± 0.4% and 90.5 ± 0.9%, respectively. And the effluent SRT, SS and SVI of the system were 44.7 ± 0.6 days, 150 ± 6 mg/L and 100 mL/g, respectively.