采用CSTR反应器培养好氧颗粒污泥的研究

以醋酸盐作碳源的人工配水为原水,在常温(25~30℃)条件下采用连续流完全混合反应器(CSTR)培养好氧颗粒污泥。结果表明,通过采用逐步缩短HRT和提高有机负荷的方法,在60 d内培养出了成熟的好氧颗粒污泥;好氧颗粒污泥反应器的运行高效而稳定,在水力停留时间为2.82 h、有机负荷为3~4.24 kgCOD/(m3.d)的条件下,对COD、NH+4-N和PO34--P的去除率分别可达90%、90%和70%,具有明显的脱氮除磷效果。     

一体式MBR系统对印染废水有机物去除效果分析

采用一体式MBR系统对模拟印染废水有机物的去除效果进行了深入的研究。通过改变水力停留时间(HRT)、污泥负荷、容积负荷、曝气量等运行参数,一体式MBR系统对COD的去除率可达到90%,且COD去除率在一定程度内随着污泥负荷的增加而增加,容积负荷基本上随着水力停留时间的延长而降低。     

ABR工程设计的要点分析

针对印染废水的特性和已有印染废水生化处理工艺在工程应用中存在的问题分析的基础上,提出ABR工艺方案,成功应用于印染废水的厌氧处理工段,保证了稳定的COD去除效率和脱色效果.通过分析ABR反应器的运行规律,总结出HRT、反应器内的水力流态优化是ABR设计成败的关键.     

Effect of bio-sludge concentration on the efficiency of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system to treat wastewater containing Pband Ni

The removal efficiency of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system with synthetic industrial estate wastewater (SIEWW) containing Ni²⁺ or Pb²⁺ was increased with the increase of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). But, the sludge volume index (SVI) of the system was increased up to higher than 100 mL/g under MLSS of up to 4000 mg/L. Also, the effluent NO₃⁻ was decreased with the increase of MLSS. The heavy metals (Ni²⁺ or Pb²⁺), BOD₅, COD and TKN removal efficiencies of SBR system with SIEWW containing 5 mg/L heavy metal (Ni²⁺ or Pb²⁺) under MLSS of 3000 mg/L were 83–85%, 96–97%, 95–96% and 83–94%, respectively. The increase of heavy metal (Ni²⁺ or Pb²⁺) concentrations of SIEWW from 5 to 50 mg/L were not significantly effected to both COD and BOD₅ removal efficiencies (they were reduced by only 4–5%), but they were strongly effected to both TKN and heavy metals removal efficiencies (they were reduced by 15 and 20–30%, respectively). Both Ni²⁺ and Pb²⁺ could repress the growth of both nitrification and denitrification bacteria. And Ni²⁺ was more effective than Pb²⁺ to reduce the heavy metals removal efficiency. The SBR system could be applied to treat the industrial estate wastewater (IEWW) containing both Pb²⁺ and Ni²⁺ even the heavy metals concentrations was up to 5 mg/L, but the removal efficiency was quite low and excess bio-sludge did not produce. However, the system efficiency could be increased with the increase of BOD₅ concentration of the wastewater. The Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, COD, BOD₅ and TKN removal efficiencies of the system with IEWW containing 500 mg/L BOD₅, 5 mg/L Ni²⁺ and 5 mg/L Pb²⁺ under HRT of 3 days were 85.68 ± 0.31%, 87.03 ± 0.21%, 86.0 ± 0.5%, 94.04 ± 0.4% and 90.5 ± 0.9%, respectively. And the effluent SRT, SS and SVI of the system were 44.7 ± 0.6 days, 150 ± 6 mg/L and 100 mL/g, respectively.     

泥水混合水解酸化预处理下同步硝化反硝化除磷颗粒污泥运行

为实现生活污水下同步硝化内源反硝化除磷(SNEDPR)系统的稳定运行,选用SBR接种人工配水培养的SNEDPR颗粒污泥,以实际生活污水和污泥经混合水解酸化预处理为进水基质,通过优化预处理单元水力停留时间(HRT)联合SBR排泥方式实现该系统稳定运行。结果表明,预处理单元HRT从12 h降至4 h时,水解酸化液提供的乙酸、丙酸质量浓度和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)占比提高,好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)内厌氧聚羟基烷酸(PHA)储存量增加,同步硝化反硝化(SND)效率提升至58.1%,出水TN降至7.8 mg/L左右。同时,底部排泥的SBR内小颗粒占比上升、LB-EPS增加,系统沉降性能变差;顶部排泥下成熟老化的大颗粒占比上升,颗粒含水率和强度下降;而选择性排泥的SBR内颗粒粒径集中在0.5～0.9 mm,颗粒结构密实、强度高,颗粒内细菌分层分布增强SND效果,批次实验表明,NOB和GAOs活性降低,系统内以NO^-₂为电子受体的DPAOs占比提升至40.5%,同步硝化内源反硝化除磷效率得到提升。预处理单元较短的HRT联合选择性排泥处理生活污水颗粒性能稳定,系...     

用浸没式平板膜生物反应器处理草浆中段废水

用自制浸没式平板膜生物反应器(MBR)对麦草浆中段废水进行处理,CODCr、色度和SS的去除率分别为90.0%、92.3%和96.0%,出水达到制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准(GB3544—2008)的排放要求。处理过程中通过优化运行参数有效减缓了膜污染的发生。     

Bioproduction of hydrogen from food waste by pilot-scale combined hydrogen/methane fermentation

A pilot-scale two-phase hydrogen/methane fermentation system generated 3.9 L biogas per unit time and reactor volume from food waste, of which the fraction of H₂ was approximately 60% at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 21 h. As substrate, 90% of the carbohydrates in the organic compounds were consumed, based on COD removal efficiency, and the hydrogen yield was approximately 1.82 (H₂-mol/glucose-mol). The maximum decomposition rate coefficient of hydrogen fermentation was observed at an HRT of 21 h, indicating that reducing HRTs improves hydrogen production. Over 80% of the methane was produced in the methane fermentation tank and the predominant fraction of organic acids after methane fermentation comprised acetic acid. Based on our economic evaluation, two-phase hydrogen/methane fermentation has greater potential for recovering energy than methane-only fermentation.     

曝气生物滤池处理炼油废水的试验研究

采用曝气生物滤池处理炼油废水,考察HRT、进水有机负荷、气水体积比等因素对生物滤池处理效果的影响.结果表明：在HRT为2h,进水CODCr负荷小于2.0 kg/（m3·d）,气水体积比为3时,出水CODCr的质量浓度为16.64 mg/L,去除率为85.41％;出水NH3-N的质量浓度为2.07 mg/L,去除率为74.92％;出水浊度为2.12NTU,去除率为92.15％.曝气生物滤池经过气水联合反冲洗后调整适应期为5h,此时CODCr和NH3-N的去除率分别为70.88％和62.31％,浊度在4.0 NTU以下.     

深度聚类索引下的海量地震数据快速三维可视化

地震数据的三维可视化能够直观反映地质的相关结构信息,为地质勘探等研究提供数据支持。针对传统体绘制算法在集中载入海量数据时存在显示延迟、画面跳跃、卡顿等问题,提出一种快速三维可视化算法。使用变分自编码器和深度聚类学习数据的空间特征表示,通过迭代优化目标函数提高聚类性能,以解决因空间数据分布不均造成的节点重叠问题。建立高效的索引结构,提高数据实时读取的效率,通过时序卷积网络预测下一个视点位置,提前将潜在数据载入内存,避免因海量数据集中加载导致画面卡顿、跳跃。使用基于双层视锥体的视点动态划分调度模型,剔除不必要的绘制节点及减轻系统负荷,从而提高数据渲染速度和流畅度。实验结果表明,该算法在索引结构上查询数据块的时间相比希尔伯特R树算法减少了64.14%～66.37%,预测视点的正确率相比拉格朗日插值算法提高了12.08%～22.70%,实时帧率在较大规模的子集上也能够相对稳定平滑,在保证图像质量的前提下整体系统的渲染性能达到预期效果。     

An online-monitored thermophilic hydrogen production UASB reactor for long-term stable operation

In this study, the H₂ production and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal performances of a thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor with online monitoring system were investigated. The online monitoring system enabled a rapid monitoring and timely control of the process. As a consequence, high operating stability was achieved despite of the varied hydraulic retention time (HRT) during 310-day operation. The COD efficiency remained at above 98%, and the hydrogen yield fluctuated slightly within the range of 2.42–3.06 mol H₂ mol⁻¹ sucrose. Thermophilic H₂-producing granules were successfully cultivated in this reactor, which showed better physical and microbial properties than floc sludge and higher H₂ production rate than mesophilic granules. An analysis of the microbial growth kinetics further demonstrated a possibly higher synthesis and metabolism activity of microbes in the thermophilic granule state.