五箱一体化活性污泥法除磷脱氮性能初步研究

五箱一体化活性污泥工艺是东南大学正在研究开发的智能化中小型污水除磷脱氮新工艺,它具有脱氮除磷效率高、占地面积小、自动化程度高、操作简便等优点。简要阐述了五箱一体化活性污泥工艺的基本组成、运行过程与技术特点,并将该工艺应用于某医院污水处理工程,在工程调试过程中取得了五箱一体化活性污泥工艺在不同水力停留时间下的除磷脱氮性能参数。     

利用藻类生物膜技术处理生活污水研究

采用藻类生物膜工艺处理生活污水,着重考察了对氮、磷的去除效果。结果表明,在静态试验中,当光照度为3 500 lx时藻类生物膜工艺对氮、磷的去除效果明显,对总磷、TN、氨氮、COD的去除率分别达到了98.17%、88%、89%、93.61%。在24 d的动态连续流试验中,当水力停留时间为5 d时藻类生物膜装置处理效果稳定,其中出水TP平均浓度为0.42 mg/L,平均去除率达到了95.38%;出水TN和NH3-N平均浓度分别为4.22 mg/L和2.16 mg/L,平均去除率分别为83.93%和82.38%;出水COD平均浓度为38.34 mg/L,平均去除率达到了92.31%。出水TP、TN、氨氮和COD浓度均达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918—2002）的一级A标准。     

水力停留时间对接触氧化处理高氨废水的影响

采用二级接触氧化工艺进行了高氨废水短程硝化模拟试验研究,研究了水力停留时间对NH3-N的去除率、碱度、短程硝化的影响,试验结果表明：采用二级接触氧化工艺,NH3-N为600 mg/L条件下的设计水力停留时间为12 h,及氨氮的容积负荷为1.10 kg/（m^3·d）左右。     

Performance of the combined SMBR-IVCW system for wastewater treatment

A new SMBR-IVCW system, which combined a submerged MBR (SMBR) unit and an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) unit, was applied to treat the high strength integrated wastewater. The study showed that this system of biological and ecological combination was stable and good at improving the quality and efficiency of polishing wastewater. Six runs under different HRT combinations were carried out in order to obtain the better purification performance of the SMBR-IVCW system. The results indicated that the better HRT combination was 7.7 h for SMBR and 11.52 h for IVCW. In such condition, the concentrations of COD, ammonia and TP in the final effluent were 11.0, 0.086 and 0.44 mg L^− 1, respectively, which reached the Class III of the national environmental quality standards for surface water in China. In fact, the HRT of the two units had great effect on the purification efficiency and investment cost. By regulating the ratio of HRT between these two units, the optimum operation conditions could be obtained to reach the double wins of high purification and low costs. In the SMBR-IVCW system, the SMBR unit acted as the secondary treatment, contributing to removing the organics and nitrification. While the IVCW unit was more like as the tertiary treatment, contributing to the denitrification and further dephosphorization.     

A~2/O生物膜系统处理焦化废水的影响因素分析

介绍了太原煤气化公司焦化厂A2/O生物膜系统的运行特点,分析了处理焦化废水的影响因素。生产运行表明,当好氧段水力停留时间为28h、出水pH值7.7～8.0、剩余碱度为150mg/L～200mg/L、混合液回流比控制在3时,系统对COD去除率在85%以上,对氨氮的去除率可达96%以上,出水COD质量浓度平均低于150mg/L,氨氮质量浓度低于15mg/L。     

激光瓦斯监控站的通信系统研究

本系统研究了用HART协议的软硬件原理实现煤矿井下监控站与远程传感器之间的通信问题.采用A519IHRT调制解调芯片来实现符合HART协议的物理层,设计并实现了数据链路层和应用层软件,从而实现数据的远距离传送.     

连续流全程自养脱氮工艺启动及脱氮性能分析

在处理低碳氮比废水时,全程自养脱氮工艺表现出了良好的脱氮效果.为此,采用曝气上流式污泥床反应器(AUSB)对全程自养脱氮工艺的脱氮性能进行研究.结果表明:只投加氨氮不加入其他氮源的条件下表现出了73%的总氮去除率,在逐步增加进水氨氮和降低水力停留时间的过程中系统的脱氮能力得到提升,总氮去除负荷达到0.47 kg/(m~3·d)以上,在本实验开始后的第60天出现了肉眼可见的颗粒.在运行期间,系统内NOB得到有效抑制,Δρ(TN)/Δρ(NO_3~--N)接近于理论值8,经过135 d的运行成功在连续流反应器内启动了全程自养脱氮颗粒污泥.实验结果表明,本实验通过采用增大进水负荷的方式促进了微生物的生长,构建出更适合CANON功能菌种的生长条件,NOB得到逐步淘汰.同时,在多种生物种群的共同作用下,反应器表现出高效的脱氮效果,在人工配水条件下,颗粒污泥连续流全程自养脱氮工艺启动成功.     

固化硝化菌处理微污染氨氮的小试与中试试验

目的分别研究小试中试条件下固化硝化菌对氨氮的去除效果及相关参数的选择,为实际工程提供参考．利用固化技术解决陶粒生物滤池等生物处理无法克服的问题．方法采用包埋硝化菌固化技术,利用气升式内循环好氧流化床和曝气流化床分别对微污染水进行处理．结果在水温为25～27℃,DO（溶解氧）为3～4mg／L的条件下,当进水NH4^＋N平均为1．130mg／L,小试试验选最优水力停留时间HRT=30min时,出水氨氮平均为0．34mg／L,小于0．5mg／L的标准．中试试验在小试试验的基础上进一步证明了固化技术对微污染水中氨氮指标的去除效果,去除率约为70％以上,处理效果较好．结论包埋菌颗粒的密度为1．02～1．04g／cm3,具有良好的生物活性和流态化特性,在微污染水处理方面具有较大潜力,非常适于在自来水厂应用．     

种泥热预处理对培养产氢颗粒污泥的影响

采用自制的上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器研究种泥热预处理对培养产氢颗粒污泥的影响.2组反应器分别以原始污泥和经热预处理污泥作为种泥,在进水COD浓度为4 000 mg/L,温度为37℃,出水pH为4.6～5.0的条件下,逐渐将HRT由24h降低到7h,2组反应器都在HRT为8～7h时成功培养出成熟的颗粒污泥.此时,有机负荷为45 kg(COD)/(m3·d),接种原始污泥组产气量为41 L/d,氢气含量为52％,COD去除率为23％,总挥发酸为1380 mg/L;而接种经热预处理污泥组的有机负荷为57kg(COD)/(m3·d),产气量为44.5 L/d,氢气含量为47.5％,COD去除率为12％,总挥发酸为1086 mg/L.研究结果表明,种泥热预处理对产氢颗粒污泥的形成和稳定性有显著影响,虽然在形成颗粒污泥的过程中反应器稳定性较差,污泥易上浮,但颗粒形成后运行稳定,能适应更短的HRT,同时氢气产量也更高.     

Power generation from organic substrate in batch and continuous flow microbial fuel cell operations

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are biochemical-catalyzed systems in which electricity is produced by oxidizing biodegradable organic matters in presence of either bacteria or enzyme. This system can serve as a device for generating clean energy and, also wastewater treatment unit. In this paper, production of bioelectricity in MFC in batch and continuous systems were investigated. A dual chambered air–cathode MFC was fabricated for this purpose. Graphite plates were used as electrodes and glucose as a substrate with initial concentration of 30 g l⁻¹ was used. Cubic MFC reactor was fabricated and inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae PTCC 5269 as active biocatalyst. Neutral red with concentration of 200 μmol l⁻¹ was selected as electron shuttle in anaerobic anode chamber. In order to enhance the performance of MFC, potassium permanganate at 400 μmol l⁻¹ concentration as oxidizer was used. The performance of MFC was analyzed by the measurement of polarization curve and cyclic volatmmetric data as well. Closed circuit voltage was obtained using a 1 kΩ resistance. The voltage at steady-state condition was 440 mV and it was stable for the entire operation time. In a continuous system, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on performance of MFC was examined. The optimum HRT was found to be around 7 h. Maximum produced power and current density at optimum HRT were 1210 mA m⁻² and 283 mW m⁻², respectively.